Chemokine receptor binding heterocyclic compounds

ABSTRACT

Heterocyclic compounds that bind chemokine receptors and inhibit the binding of their natural ligands are disclosed. The invention compounds are protective against infection by HIV and exert effects characteristic of antagonists to the CXCR 4  receptor.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/837,467 filed Apr. 30, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,183,273, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/535,314 filed Mar. 24, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,750,348, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/125,823, filed Mar. 24, 1999. The contents of these documents are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention generally relates to novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and their use. This invention more specifically relates to novel heterocyclic compounds that bind to chemokine receptors, including CXCR4 and CCR5, and demonstrates protective effects against infection of target cells by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Approximately 40 human chemokines have been described, that function, at least in part, by modulating a complex and overlapping set of biological activities important for the movement of lymphoid cells and extravasation and tissue infiltration of leukocytes in response to inciting agents (See, for example: P. Ponath, Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 7:1-18, 1998). These chemotactic cytokines, or chemokines, constitute a family of proteins, approximately 8-10 kDa in size. Chemokines appear to share a common structural motif, that consists of 4 conserved cysteines involved in maintaining tertiary structure. There are two major subfamilies of chemokines: the “CC” or β-chemokines and the “CXC” or α-chemokines. The receptors of these chemokines are classified based upon the chemokine that constitutes the receptor's natural ligand. Receptors of the β-chemokines are designated “CCR”; while those of the α-chemokines are designated “CXCR”.

Chemokines are considered to be principal mediators in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation. More specifically, chemokines have been found to play an important role in the regulation of endothelial cell function, including proliferation, migration and differentiation during angiogenesis and re-endothelialization after injury (Gupta et al., J. Biolog. Chem., 7:4282-4287, 1998). Two specific chemokines have been implicated in the etiology of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

In most instances, HIV initially binds via its gp120 envelope protein to the CD4 receptor of the target cell. A conformational change appears to take place in the gp120 which results in its subsequent binding to a chemokine receptor, such as CCR-5 (Wyatt et al., Science, 280:1884-1888 (1998)). HIV-1 isolates arising subsequently in the infection bind to the CXCR-4 chemokine receptor. In view of the fact that the feline immunodeficiency virus, another related retrovirus, binds to a chemokine receptor without needing to bind first to the CD4 receptor, suggests that chemokine receptors may be the primordial obligate receptors for immunodeficiency retroviruses.

Following the initial binding by HIV to CD4, virus-cell fusion results, which is mediated by members of the chemokine receptor family, with different members serving as fusion cofactors for macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) and T cell line-tropic (T-tropic) isolates of HIV-1 (Carroll et al., Science, 276: 273-276 1997). During the course of infection within a patient, it appears that a majority of HIV particles shift from the M-tropic to the more aggressive T-tropic viral phenotype (Miedema et al., Immune. Rev., 140:35 (1994)) Curiously, the M-tropic viral phenotype correlates with the virus's ability to enter the cell following binding of the CCR-5 receptor, while the T-tropic viral phenotype correlates with viral entry into the cell following binding and membrane fusion with the CXCR4 receptor. Clinically observations suggest that patients who possess genetic mutations in the CCR-5 or CXCR-4 appear resistant or less susceptible to HIV infection.

However, the binding of chemokine receptors to their natural ligands appears to serve a more evolutionary and central role than only as mediators of HIV infection. The chemokine receptor, CXCR-4 has been found to be essential for the vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract (Tachibana et al., Nature, 393:591-594 (1998)) as well as haematopoiesis and cerebellar development (Zou et al., Nature, 393:591-594 (1998)). Interference with any of these important functions served by the binding of pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor/stromal derived factor (PBSF/SDF-1) to the CXCR-4 chemokine receptor results in lethal deficiencies in vascular development, haematopoiesis and cardiogenesis. Similarly, fetal cerebellar development appears to rely upon the effective functioning of CXCR-4 in neuronal cell migration and patterning in the central nervous system. This G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor appears to play a critical role in ensuring the necessary patterns of migration of granule cells in the cerebellar anlage.

In attempting to better understand the relationship between chemokines and their receptors, recent experiments to block the binding of HIV to the CXCR-4 chemokine receptor were carried out through the use of monoclonal antibodies or small molecules that appear to suggest a useful therapeutic strategy (Schols et al., J. Exp. Med. 186:1383-1388 (1997); Schols et al., Antiviral Research 35:147-156 (1997)). Small molecules, such as bicyclams, appear to specifically interfere with the CXCR-4 binding and not CCR-5 binding (Donzella et al., Nature Medicine, 4:72-77 (1998)). These experiments demonstrated interference with HIV entry and membrane fusion into the target cell in vitro. Additional experiments monitoring the calcium flux or Ca²⁺ mobilization assay demonstrated that a bicyclam also functioned as an antagonist to signal transduction resulting from the binding of stromal derived factor or SDF-1α, the natural chemokine to CXCR-4. SDF-1 has been shown to be essential for CXCR4 dependent migration of human stem cell function in non-obese diabetic (NOD) severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (Peled et al., Science 283: 845-848 (1998)). The role of CXCR-4 appears critical for migration to SDF-1 and localization of stem cells in bone marrow.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,131, U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,546 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,807, which are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference, disclose cyclic compounds that are active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in in vitro tests. It was subsequently discovered and further disclosed in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 09/111,895 that these compounds exhibit anti-HIV activity by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 expressed on the surface of certain cells of the immune system. This competitive binding thereby protects these target cells from infection by HIV which utilize the CXCR-4 receptor for entry. In addition, these compounds antagonize the binding, signaling and chemotactic effects of the natural CXC-chemokine for CXCR-4, stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1).

Additionally we have shown that these cyclic polyamine antiviral agents described in the above-mentioned patents have the effect of enhancing production of white blood cells as well as exhibiting antiviral properties. Thus, these agents are useful for controlling the side-effects of chemotherapy, enhancing the success of bone marrow transplantation, enhancing wound healing and burn treatment, as well as combating bacterial infections in leukemia.

We further disclosed that these novel compounds demonstrate protective effects against HIV infection of target cells by binding in vitro to the CC-5 receptor (CCR-5).

Herein, we disclose novel compounds that exhibit protective effects against HIV infection of target cells by binding to chemokine receptors, including CXCR4 and CCR5, in a similar manner to the previously disclosed macrocyclic compounds. (see Table 1 for comparative examples).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel compounds that bind chemokine receptors and interfere with the binding of the natural ligand thereto. The compounds of the present invention are useful as agents demonstrating protective effects on target cells from HIV infection. Other embodiments of the present invention are compounds that act as antagonists or agonists of chemokine receptors, which are useful as agents capable of reconstituting the immune system by increasing the level of CD4⁺ cells; as antagonist agents of apoptosis in immune cells, such as CD8⁺ cells, and neuronal cells; as antagonist agents of migration of human bone marrow B lineage cells to stromal-derived factor 1, as well as other biological activities related to the ability of these compounds to inhibit the binding of chemokines to their receptors. Accordingly, the present invention provides a compound of Formula I

wherein, W is a nitrogen atom and Y is absent or, W is a carbon atom and Y═H;

R¹ to R⁷ may be the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R⁸ is a substituted heterocyclic group or a substituted aromatic group

Ar is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring each optionally substituted at single or multiple, non-linking positions with electron-donating or withdrawing groups;

n and n′ are independently, 0-2;

X is a group of the formula:

Wherein, Ring A is an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered ring, and P is an optionally substituted carbon atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen atom, sulfur or oxygen atom. Ring B is an optionally substituted 5 to 7-membered ring. Ring A and Ring B in the above formula can be connected to the group W from any position via the group V, wherein V is a chemical bond, a (CH₂)_(n″) group (where n″=0-2) or a C═O group. Z is, (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, (3) a C₀₋₆ alkyl group substituted with an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic group, (4) an optionally substituted C₀₋₆ alkylamino or C₃₋₇ cycloalkylamino group, (5) an optionally substituted carbonyl group or sulfonyl.

In the above Formula I, examples of the optionally substituted 5 or 6-membered ring A are benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, piperidine, piperazine, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, oxazole, thiazole. Six-membered rings are preferred for ring A, particularly benzene; pyridine and piperidine.

The invention also provides a compound of Formula I

In which, W, Y, n, n′, Ar, R¹-R⁸ are defined as above,

X and Z are independently selected from H, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₀₋₆ alkaryl or C₀₋₆ alkylheterocyclyl groups. The X and Z groups may also bind each other to form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered cyclic amine group such as tetrahydropyrrole, pyrrolidine, piperazine, homopiperazine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyrrole, imidazole etc., or an optionally substituted pyran, thiopyran or cycloalkyl ring or the groups X and Z optionally fused to the group Ar.

The optional substituents are defined herein infra.

One preferred embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to Formula I. Another preferred embodiment of this invention is a method of treating a disease of the human body or the bodies of other mammals comprising the administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to Formula I. A still further embodiment of the present invention provides a method for blocking or interfering with the binding by a chemokine receptor with its natural ligand, comprising the contacting of said chemokine receptor with an effective amount of the compound according to Formula I.

This invention may also provide for the use of a compound of Formula I in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease in which blocking or interfering with binding of a chemokine receptor with its natural ligand is advantageous, comprising formulating a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula I. It is further contemplated that this invention is also useful for providing a method of protecting target cells possessing chemokine receptors, the binding to which by a pathogenic agent results in disease or pathology, comprising administering to a mammalian subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to Formula I.

The invention also includes what may be termed as “pro-drug”, that is, protected forms of the compounds, which release the compound after administration to a patient. For example, the compound may carry a protective groups which is split off by hydrolysis in body fluids e.g. in the bloodstream, thus releasing active compound or is oxidized or reduced in body fluids to release the compound. A discussion of pro-drugs may be found in “Smith and Williams' Introduction to the Principles of Drug Design”, H. J. Smith, Wright, Second Edition, London 1988.

Acid addition salts, which are pharmaceutically acceptable such as salt with inorganic base, a salt with organic base, a salt with inorganic acid, a salt with organic acid, a salt with basic or acidic amino acid, etc. Examples of the salt with the inorganic base include a salt with alkali metal (e.g. sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (e.g. calcium, magnesium, etc.), aluminum, ammonium, etc. Examples of the salt with the organic base include a salt with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine etc. Examples of the salt with the inorganic acid include a salt with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. Examples of the salt with the organic acid include a salt with formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc. Examples of the salt with the basic amino acid include a salt with arginine, lysine, ornithine, etc. Examples of the salt with the acidic amino acid include a salt with aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc. Non-toxic in the present tense has to be considered with reference to the prognosis for the infected patient without treatment.

Citation of the above documents is not intended as an admission that any of the foregoing is pertinent prior art. All statements as to the date or representation as to the contents of these documents is based on the information available to the applicants and does not constitute any admission as to the correctness of the dates or contents of these documents. Further, all documents referred to throughout this application are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1, shows structural formulas of compounds of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds of Formula 1 which can act as agents that modulate chemokine receptor activity. Such chemokine receptors includes but are not limited to CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-3, CCR-4, CCR-5, CXCR-3, and CXCR-4.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides novel compounds of Formula I that demonstrates protective effects on target cells from HIV infection in a manner as to bind specifically to the chemokine receptor, which effect the binding of a natural ligand or chemokine to the receptor such as CCR-5 and/or CXCR4 of a target cell.

In another embodiment, compounds of Formula 1 may be useful as agents which affect chemokine receptors, such as CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-3, CCR-4, CCR-5, CXCR-3, CXCR-4 where such chemokine receptors have been correlated as being important mediators of many human inflammatory as well as immunoregulatory diseases.

Other diseases that are also implicated with chemokine as mediators include angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis such as brain, and breast tumors. Thus, a compound that modulates the activity of such chemokine receptors would be useful for the treatment or prevention of such diseases.

The term “modulators” as used herein is intended to encompass antagonist, agonist, partial antagonist, and or partial agonist, inhibitors, and activators. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, compounds of Formula I demonstrates protective effect against HIV infection by inhibiting the binding of HIV to a chemokine receptor such as CCR-5 and/or CXCR4, of a target cell, which comprises contacting the target cell with an amount of the compound which is effective at inhibiting the binding of the virus to the chemokine receptor.

Compounds that inhibits chemokine receptor activity and function may be used for the treatment of diseases that are associated with inflammation, including but are not limited to, inflammatory or allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, hypersensitivity lung diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonias, delayed-type hypersensitivity, interstitial lung disease (ILD) (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or ILD associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, polymyositis or dermatomyositis); systemic anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity responses, drug allergies, insect sting allergies; autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myastenia gravis, juvenile onset diabetes; glomerulonephritis, autoimmune throiditis, graft rejection, including allograft rejection or graft-versus-host disease; inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; spondyloarthropathies; scleroderma; psoriasis (including T-cell mediated psoriasis) and inflammatory dermatoses such as dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria; vasculitis (e.g., necrotizing, cutaneous, and hypersensitivity vasculitis); eosinphilic myotis, eosiniphilic fasciitis; and cancers.

Whereas compounds that activate or promote chemokine receptor function may be used for the treatment of diseases that are associated with immunosuppression such as individuals undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, enhanced wound healing and burn treatment, therapy for autoimmune disease or other drug therapy (e.g., corticosteroid therapy) or combination of conventional drugs used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and graft/transplantation rejection, which causes immunosuppression; immunosuppresion due to congenital deficiency in receptor function or other causes; and infectious diseases, such as parasitic diseases, including but not limited to helminth infections, such as nematodes (round worms); Trichuriasis, Enterobiasis, Ascariasis, Hookworm, Strongyloidiasis, Trichinosis, filariasis; trematodes; visceral worms, visceral larva migtrans (e.g., Toxocara), eosinophilic gastroenteritis (e.g., Anisaki spp., Phocanema ssp.), cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostona braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum); the malaria-causing protozoan Plasmodium vivax, Human cytomegalovirus, Herpesvirus saimiri, and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, also known as human herpesvirus 8, and poxvirus Moluscum contagiosum.

It will be understood that that compounds of Formula 1 may be used in combination with any other pharmaceutical composition where such combined therapy may be useful to modulate chemokine receptor activity and thereby prevent and treat inflammatory and immunoregulatory diseases.

It is also contemplated that the present invention may be used in combinations with one or more agents useful in the prevention or treatment of HIV. Examples of such agents include:

(1) nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as zidovudine, didanosine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, abacavir, stavudine, adefovir, adefovir dipivoxil, fozivudine todoxil, etc.;

(2) non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (including an agent having anti-oxidation activity such as immunocal, oltipraz, etc.) such as nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, loviride, immunocal, oltipraz, etc.; and

(3) protease inhibitors such as saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, palinavir, lasinavir, etc.

It will be understood that the scope of combinations of compounds of Formula 1 of this invention with HIV agents is not limited to (1), (2), and or (3), but includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of HIV. Further, in such combinations the compounds of the present invention and other HIV agents may be administered separately or in conjunction. In addition, the administration of one element may be prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of other agent(s).

The compounds of Formula 1 in the present invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcatenous injection, or implant), by inhalation spray, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations containing conventional nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles appropriate for each route of administration.

The compounds of Formula 1 are all active and used to treat animals, including mice, rats, horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, casts, and monkey. The compounds of the invention are also effective for use in humans.

The compounds of Formula 1 of the present invention may form hydrates or solvates. Compounds of Formula 1 of the present invention can exist as any stereoisomeric forms and mixtures of stereoisomeric forms thereof where it is possible to isolate individual isomers with known separation and purification method, if desired. When the compound of the Formula 1 of the present invention is racemate, it can be separated into (S)-compound and (R)-compound with usual optical resolution and individual optical isomers and a mixture thereof are included in the scope of the of the present invention.

This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and an effective amount of compound of Formula 1. A compound of Formula 1 may be administered alone or as an admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (e.g. solid formulations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, etc.; liquid formulations such as syrups, injections, etc.) may be orally or non-orally administered. Examples of non-oral formulations include injections drops, suppositories, pessaryies.

In the treatment or prevention of conditions which require chemokine receptor modulation an appropriate dosage level will generally be about 0.01 to 500 mg per kg patient body weight per day which can be administered in singe or multiple doses. Preferably, the dosage level will be about 0.1 to about 250 mg/kg per day. It will be understood that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound used, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity of the particular condition, and the patient undergoing therapy.

The present invention further provides novel compounds that bind chemokine receptors and interfer with the binding of the natural ligand thereto. The compounds of the present invention are useful as agents demonstrating protective effects on target cells from HIV infection. The compounds of the present invention are also useful as antagonists or agonists of chemokine receptors, which serve as agents capable of reconstituting the immune system by increasing the level of CD4⁺ cells; as antagonist agents of apoptosis in immune cells, such as CD8⁺ cells, and neuronal cells; as antagonist agents of migration of human bone marrow B lineage cells to stromal-derived factor 1, as well as other biological activities related to the ability of these compounds to inhibit the binding of chemokines to their receptors.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a compound of Formula I

wherein, W is a nitrogen atom and Y is absent or, W is a carbon atom and Y=H;

R¹ to R⁷ may be the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R⁸ is a substituted heterocyclic group or a substituted aromatic group

Ar is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring each optionally substituted at single or multiple, non-linking positions with electron-donating or withdrawing groups;

n and n′ are independently, 0-2;

X is a group of the formula:

Wherein, Ring A is an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6-membered ring, and P is an optionally substituted carbon atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen atom, sulfur or oxygen atom. Ring B is an optionally substituted 5 to 7-membered ring. Ring A and Ring B in the above formula can be connected to the group W from any position via the group V, wherein V is a chemical bond, a (CH₂)_(n″) group (where n″=0-2) or a C═O group. Z is, (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, (3) a C₀₋₆ alkyl group substituted with an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic group, (4) an optionally substituted C₀₋₆ alkylamino or C₃₋₇ cycloalkylamino group, (5) an optionally substituted carbonyl group or sulfonyl.

In the above Formula I, examples of the optionally substituted 5 or 6-membered ring A are benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, piperidine, piperazine, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, oxazole, thiazole. Six-membered rings are preferred for ring A, particularly benzene, pyridine and piperidine.

Examples of the optionally substituted ring B are benzene, 5 to 7-membered cycloalkyl rings (e.g. cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl), furan, dihydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, dihydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiophene (thiolane), pyran, dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, thiapyran, dihydrothiapyran, tetrahydrothiapyran (pentamethylene sulfide), oxepine, thiepin (and their corresponding saturated heterocycloalkanes) in addition to those listed above for ring A. Six-membered rings are also preferred for ring B, with the preferred combination of the rings A and B being, dihydronaphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, dihydroquinoline and tetrahydroquinoline.

In the above examples, the “optional substituents” in Rings A and B may be halogen, nitro, cyano, carboxylic acid, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl groups, an optionally substituted hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted thiol group, an optionally substituted amino or acyl group, an optionally substituted carboxylate, carboxamide or sulfonamide group, an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic group.

Examples of halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc., with fluorine and chlorine preferred.

Examples of the optionally substituted alkyl include C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, including methyl, ethyl propyl etc., examples of the optionally substituted alkenyl groups include, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl such as allyl, crotyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-hexenyl, etc., and examples of the optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups include C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc. In these cases, C₁₋₆ alkyl, alkenyl and cycloalkyl are preferred. The optional substituent may also be an optionally substituted aralkyl (e.g. phenylC₁₋₄ alkyl) or heteroalkyl for example, phenylmethyl(benzyl), phenethyl, pyridinylmethy, pyridinylethyl etc. The heterocyclic group may be a 5 or 6 membered ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms.

Examples of the optionally substituted hydroxyl and thiol groups include an optionally substituted alkyl (e.g. C₁₋₁₀alkyl) such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl etc., preferably (C₁₋₆) alkyl; an optionally substituted cycloalkyl (e.g. C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, etc. such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc.); an optionally substituted aralkyl (e.g. phenyl-C₁₋₄alkyl, e.g. benzyl, phenethyl, etc.). Where there are two adjacent hydroxyl or thiol substituents, the heteroatoms may be connected via an alkyl group such as O(CH₂)_(n)O and S(CH₂)_(n)S (where n=1-5). Examples include methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy etc. Oxides of thio-ether groups such as sulfoxides and sulfones are also encompassed.

Further examples of the optionally substituted hydroxyl group include an optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, etc.), C₁₋₄ alkylsufonyl (e.g. methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, etc.) and an optionally substituted aromatic and heterocyclic carboxyl group including benzoyl, pyridinecarboxyl, etc.

The substituents on the optionally substituted amino group may bind to each other to form a cyclic amino group (e.g. 5- to 6-membered cyclic amino, etc. such as tetrahydropyrrole, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyrrole, imidazole, etc.). Said cyclic amino group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituents include halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.), nitro, cyano, hydroxy group, thiol group, amino group, carboxyl group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₄ alkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, etc.), an optionally halogenated C₁₋₄ alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, etc.), C₂₋₄ alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl, propionyl, etc.), C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl (e.g. methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, etc.) the number of preferred substituents are 1 to 3.

The amino group may also be substituted once or twice (to form a secondary or tertiary amine) with a group such as an optionally substituted alkyl group including C₁₋₁₀alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl propyl etc.); an optionally substituted alkenyl group such as allyl, crotyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-hexenyl, etc., or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc. In these cases, C₁₋₆ alkyl, alkenyl and cycloalkyl are preferred. The amine group may also be optionally substituted with an aromatic or heterocyclic group, aralkyl (e.g. phenylC₁₋₄alkyl) or heteroalkyl for example, phenyl, pyridine, phenylmethyl(benzyl), phenethyl, pyridinylmethyl, pyridinylethyl etc. The heterocyclic group may be a 5 or 6 membered ring containing 14 heteroatoms. The optional substituents of the “optionally substituted amino groups are the same as defined above for the “optionally substituted cyclic amino group.”

The amino group may be substituted with an optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkanoyl e.g. acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl etc., or a C₁₋₄alkylsulfonyl (e.g. methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, etc.) or a carbonyl or sulfonyl substituted aromatic or heterocyclic ring, e.g. benzenesulfonyl, benzoyl, pyridinesulfonyl, pyridinecarbonyl etc. The heterocycles are as defined above.

Examples of the optionally substituted acyl group as the substituents on the rings A and B include a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group binding to hydrogen; an optionally substituted alkyl (e.g. C₁₋₁₀ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc., preferably lower (C₁₋₆) alkyl, etc.; an optionally substituted cycloalkyl (e.g. C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, etc., such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc.); an optionally substituted alkenyl (e.g. C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl such as allyl, crotyl, 2-pentenyl, etc., preferably lower (C₂₋₆) alkenyl, etc.); an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl (e.g. C₃₋₇cycloalkenyl, etc., such as 2-cyclopentenyl, 2-cyclohexenyl, 2-cyclopentenylmethyl, 2-cyclohexenylmethyl, etc.) an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic aromatic group (e.g. phenyl, pyridyl, etc.).

Examples of the optionally substituted carboxylate group (ester groups) include an optionally substituted alkyl (e.g. C₁₋₁₀alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc., preferably lower (C₁₋₆) alkyl, etc.); an optionally substituted cycloalkyl (e.g. C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, etc. such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc.); an optionally substituted alkenyl (e.g. C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl such as allyl, crotyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-hexenyl, etc., preferably lower (C₂₋₆) alkenyl, etc.); an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl (e.g. C₃₋₇ cycloalkenyl, etc., such as 2-cyclohexenylmethyl, etc.); an optionally substituted aryl (e.g. phenyl, naphthyl, etc.) and C₁₋₄aryl for example, benzyl, phenethyl etc. Groups such as methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl etc., are also encompassed.

Examples of the optionally substituted carboxamide and sulfonamide groups are identical in terms of the amine definition as the “optionally substituted amino group” defined above.

Examples of the optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic groups as substituents for Rings A and B are phenyl, naphthyl, or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms. The optional substituents are essentially identical to those listed above for Rings A and B.

In the above examples the number of substituents on Rings A and B may be 1-4, preferably 1-2. The substituents on the optionally substituted groups are the same as the optionally substituted groups described above. Preferred substituents are halogen (fluorine, chlorine etc.), nitro, cyano, hydroxy group, thiol group, amino group, carboxyl group, carboxylate group, sulfonate group, sulfonamide group, carboxamide group, an optionally halogenated C₁₋₄ alkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy, etc.), C₂₋₄ alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl, propionyl, etc.) or aroyl, a C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl (e.g. methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, etc.), an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic group. The number of substituents on the said groups are preferably 1 to 3.

In the above Formula I, Z may be (2) an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group where the optional substituents are identical to those described for Rings A and B above.

In the above Formula I, Z may be (3) a C₀₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted with an optionally substituted fused or unfused, aromatic or heterocyclic group. Examples of the optionally substituted aromatic groups include benzene and naphthalene, or dihydronaphthalene and tetrahydronaphthalene. Examples of optionally substituted heterocyclic groups include 5 to 6-membered saturated, partially saturated, or aromatic heterocyclic rings containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The heterocycles may be pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, imidazole, benzimidazole, azabenzimidazole, benzotriazole, furan, benzofuran, thiazole, benzothiazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, pyrrole, indole, indoline, indazole, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidone, pyrroline, piperidine, piperazine, tetrahydroquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, pyrazole, thiophene, isoxazole, isothiazole, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, morpholine, thiamorpholine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, tetrahydropyran, dihydropyran, benzopyran, dioxane, dithiane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, dihydrofuran, dihydrothiophene etc. Oxides of the nitrogen and sulfur containing heterocycles are also included in the present invention. The optionally substituted aromatic and heterocyclic groups can be connected to the C₀₋₆ alkyl group via any position on the fused ring, or the aromatic or heterocyclic groups. For example, the aromatic group or heterocyclic group may by directly connected to the group W through a chemical bond to a carbon or nitrogen position, or connected via an alkyl group to a carbon or nitrogen position, or connected via an alkyl group to the nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur of an amino, hydroxyl or thiol substituent. The optional substituents for the fused or unfused aromatic or heterocyclic ring are identical to those described for Rings A and B above.

In the above Formula I, Z may be (4) an optionally substituted C₀₋₆ alkyl or C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl amino group. Examples of the optionally substituted C₀₋₆ alkyl amino groups include straight or branched chains including methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, isobutylamino etc. Encompassed in the present invention are also optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl amino groups such as cyclopropylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino etc. The amino group may be substituted with an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₀₋₆ alkyl group substituted with an optionally substituted, fused or unfused aromatic group or heterocyclic group. The aromatic groups and heterocyclic groups are defined in (3) above. The amino group may be substituted once or twice (to form a secondary or tertiary amine) with the groups described above and may be identical or non-identical. The amino group may also be the nitrogen atom of a guanidine, carbamate or urea group. The optional substituents are identical to those described above for Rings A and B.

In the above. Formula I, Z may be (5) an optionally substituted carbonyl or sulfonyl group. For example, the carbonyl or sulfonyl group may be substituted with an optionally substituted straight, cyclic or branched alkyl groups, e.g. a C₁₋₇ alkylgroup such as acetyl, propionyl, cyclopropanoyl, cyclobutanoyl, isopropanoyl, isobutanoyl etc. or methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl etc. or an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic carbonyl or sulfonyl group such as benzoyl, pyridinecarbonyl, benzenesulfonyl etc. The aromatic and heterocyclic groups are the same as defined for (3) above. The optionally substituted carbonyl or sulfonyl group may also be an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl aromatic or heterocyclic group such as defined in (3) above, exemplified by phenylacetyl, phenylpropanoyl, pyridineacetyl, pyridinepropanoyl, phenylmethanesulfonyl etc., or the carbonyl of an optionally substituted aminoacid derivative. The carbonyl may also be the carbonyl group of a urea or carbamate in which an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted with an aromatic or heterocyclic group (as defined in (3) above) is connected to nitrogen or oxygen, respectively. The optional substituents are identical to those described above for Rings A and B.

The invention also provides a compound of Formula I

In which, W, Y, n, n′, Ar, R¹-R⁸ are defined as above,

X and Z are independently selected from H, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₀₋₆ alkaryl or C₀₋₆ alkylheterocyclyl groups. The X and Z groups may also bind each other to form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered cyclic amine group such as tetrahydropyrrole, pyrrolidine, piperazine, homopiperazine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyrrole, imidazole etc., or an optionally substituted pyran, thiopyran or cycloalkyl ring etc.

The optional substituents are defined as above.

The novel compounds of the present invention may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions that may be administered topically; percutaneously, including intravenously; orally; and by other standard routes of pharmaceutical administration to mammalian subjects as determined according to routine clinical practice. The compounds of the present invention are useful as agents demonstrating protective effects on target cells from HIV infection (Blanco et al., Antimicrob. Agts. and Chemother. 44: 51-56, 2000). The compounds of the present invention are may serve to interfere with the binding of natural ligands to chemokine receptors on a wide range of cell populations, including chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 as well as other chemokine receptors of the C—X—C and C—C motifs. The compounds of the present invention are considered further useful as antagonists or agonists of such chemokine receptors. Such chemokine antagnoist agents capable of interfering in the chemokine binding to its respective chemokine receptor would be useful to reconstitute the immune system by increasing the level of CD4⁺ cells (Biard-Piechaczyk, et al., Immunol. Lett., 70: 1-3 1999); as antagonist agents of apoptosis in immune cells, such as CD8⁺ cells (Herbin, et al., Nature 395: 189-193, 1998), and as antagonist agents of apoptosis in neuronal cells (Ohagen et al., J. of Virol., 73: 897-906, 1999; and Hesselgesser, et al., Curr. Biol. 8: 595-598, 1998). Chemokine receptor antagonist agents would be useful to inhibit the migration of human bone marrow B lineage cells to stromal-derived factor 1 (See, for example: E. Fedyk, et al., J. of Leukocyte Biol., 66:667-673, 1999), as well as other biological activities related to the ability of these compounds to inhibit the binding of chemokines to their respective receptors.

Anti-HIV Assays.

Compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells or PBMC's (peripheral blood mononucleocytes) using published procedures (for example, see: Labrosse et al. J. Virol. 1998, 6381-6388; Simmons et al. J. Virol. 1998, 8453-8457; Donzella et al. Nature Medicine 1998, 72-77; Schols et al. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 1383-1388; De Clercq et al. Antiviral Res. 1997, 147-156; and Bridger et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/111,895). In addition to the above references, experimental methods for performing anti-viral assays can also be found in: Bridger et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 366-378; Bridger et al. J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 109-119; Bridger et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,546; Bridger et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,131; Bridger et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,807; De Clercq et al. Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother. 1994, 38, 668-674.

These assays were considered representative of inhibition via binding to the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 respectively due to prior inhibition studies and the following inherent properties of the cells and viruses:

1. The HIV-1 strains NL4.3 and III_(B) are T-tropic strains that exclusively use CXCR4 as the co-receptor for entry into cells. MT-4 Cells express CXCR4 but not CCR5.

The HIV-1 strain BaL is M-tropic (macrophage tropic) strain that exclusively uses CCR5 as a co-receptor for entry into cells. PBMC's (from healthy donors) express all chemokine receptors including CXCR4 and CCR5.

Prior mechanistic studies that characterize the direct interaction of 1,1′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane octahydrochloride dihydrate (described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,131) and related compounds with the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 can be found in references as cited supra.

Preparation of Starting Materials and General Procedures

AMD7088: Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

2-Aminomethylpyridine (34.76 g, 315 mmol) and terephthaldicarboxaldehyde (20.32 g, 150 mmol) were refluxed in benzene (500 mL) in a Dean Stark apparatus, overnight. The benzene was removed in vacuo and the bis-imine residue was taken up in dry methanol (250 mL) and transferred to a Parr bottle. To the solution was added 10% palladium on carbon (7.63 g) and the mixture was hydrogenated at 30 psi hydrogen, for 20 hours. The product mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated in vacuo to give an orange oil (47.62 g, 100%). Without further purification, the orange oil (46.8 g, 147 mmol) was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (1300 mL) and triethylamine (20.3 g, 199 mmol). 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (30.3 g, 132 mmol) was added in one portion to the stirred solution, and after one hour, the mixture was washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated to an olive-brown oil (79.09 g). The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (4% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to give AMD7088 (16.02 g): ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.38 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=9 Hz), 7.45-7.70 (m, 5H), 7.05-7.30 (m, 8H), 4.58 (s, 4H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 3.77 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 159.9, 156.4, 149.7, 149.6, 148.6, 140.2, 137.0, 136.9, 134.3, 134.2, 133.7, 132.0, 131.4 (2C), 129.1 (2C), 128.9, 124.6, 122.8 (2C), 122.7, 122.4, 54.8, 53.4, 52.6, 51.9. ES-MS m/z 504.2 (M+H). Anal Calcd for (C₂₆H₂₄N₅O₄S) 0.7 (H₂O): C, 60.62; H, 4.97; N, 13.59. Found: C, 60.73; H, 4.99; N, 13.49.

AMD7090: Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine

In a similar manner, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (32.46 g, 0.30 mol) and m-xylenediamine (20.64 g, 0.15 mol) were stirred in dry methanol (500 mL) at 30° C. ¹H NMR indicated consumption of the starting aldehyde after 1 hour. The mixture was then concentrated to approximately half volume, treated with 10% Pd on carbon (5.0 g), and the mixture was hydrogenated at 30 psi hydrogen, overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, concentrated in vacuo, and the residue dissolved in dry dichloromethane. To this solution was added triethylamine (15.33 g, 150 mmol) followed by a solution of 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (30.84 g, 135 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (200 mL) dropwise with vigorous stirring. The reaction was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature and the solution was then washed with water (2×500 mL) and brine (1000 mL), dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated to give a red-brown oil (73.64 g). The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (4% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to give AMD7090 (31.34 g, 46% overall yield). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.38 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=9 Hz), 7.45-7.70 (m, 5H), 7.05-7.30 (m, 8H), 4.60 (s, 4H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 159.8, 156.3, 149.7, 149.6, 148.3, 140.8, 137.0, 136.9, 135.6, 134.5, 133.7, 132.0, 131.4, 129.1, 128.8, 128.3, 127.7, 124.5, 122.9, 122.8, 122.7, 122.4, 54.8, 53.5, 52.7, 52.1. ES-MS m/z 504.2 (M+H). Anal Calcd for (C₂₆H₂₄N₅O₄S) 0.7 (H₂O): C, 60.62; H, 4.97; N, 13.59. Found: C, 60.58; H, 5.00; N, 13.44.

AMD7089: Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

To a stirred solution of N-[1-Methylene-4-(hydroxymethylene)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (see Bridger et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/111,895) (30.0 g, 72.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (300 mL) was added manganese oxide (63.0 g, 725 mmol, 10 Equiv.) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through celite, and concentrated to give 30.1 g (100%) of the desired aldehyde as a light yellow solid. Without further purification, the aldehyde (72.5 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (500 mL) and to this solution was added 2-(2-aminoethyl)-pyridine (10.63 g, 87 mmol) and the mixture was heated to 40° C. with stirring until the starting aldehyde was consumed by ¹H NMR analysis. The solution was cooled to room temperature and sodium cyanoborohydride (9.62 g, 145 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred for one hour, quenched with 0.1N sodium hydroxide (500 mL) and the methanol was then evaporated in vacuo. The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×500 mL) and the combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to give 36.12 grams of crude product. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (4% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to give AMD7089 (16.32 g, 43% overall yield) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.38 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=9 Hz), 7.45-7.70 (m, 5H), 7.00-7.20 (m, 8H), 4.57 (s, 4H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.02 (s, 4H); ¹³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 160.2, 156.2, 149.6, 149.5, 148.3, 138.2, 137.1, 137.0, 134.9, 134.5, 133.7, 132.0, 131.4, 139.3 (2C), 129.1 (2C), 124.6, 123.8, 122.9, 122.8, 122.0, 53.1, 52.7, 51.9, 48.5, 36.9>ES-MS m/Z 518.3 (M+H). Anal Calcd for (C₂₇H₂₆N₅O₄S) 0.6 (H₂O): C, 61.49; H, 5.20; N, 13.28. Found: C, 61.44; H, 5.25; N, 13.32.

AMD7091: Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine

AMD7091 (the meta-analog of AMD7089) was prepared in a similar manner. Thus, the corresponding meta-alcohol gave AMD7091 (21.6 g, 26% overall yield): ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.38 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=9 Hz), 7.45-7.70 (m, 5H), 7.00-7.20 (m, 8H), 4.57 (s, 4H), 3.69 (s, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H); ³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 160.5, 156.3, 149.6, 149.5, 148.3, 140.8, 137.0, 136.9, 135.6, 134.4, 133.7, 132.0, 131.3, 129.0, 128.7, 128.1, 127.6, 124.5, 123.7, 122.8, 122.7, 121.7, 53.8, 52.8, 52.2, 49.1, 38.5. ES-MS m/z 519.1 (M+H). Anal Calcd for (C₂₇H₂₆N₅O₄S) 0.4 (H₂O): C, 61.79; H, 5.34; N, 13.34. Found: C, 61.79; H, 5.39; N, 13.10.

AMD7474: Preparation of 8-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

To a stirred solution of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (74.3 g, 0.558 mol) in glacial acetic acid (275 mL) at room temperature was added 30% H₂O₂ (55 mL) and the solution was heated to 70° C. After 6 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, additional H₂O₂ (55 mL) was added, and the solution was heated at 70° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in CHCl₃ (300 mL) and treated with solid Na₂CO₃ (175 g). After 1 hour, the supernatant was decanted and the residue was washed with warm CHCl₃ (3×300 mL). The combined supernatants were filtered and concentrated to provide 121 g of a yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in acetic anhydride (400 mL) and heated at 90° C. overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. Distillation (Kugelrohr, bp110-140° C. @1 Torr) of the resultant oil provided 99.2 g of 8-acetoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline.

To a solution of 8-acetoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (99.2 g) in methanol (450 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (144 g, 1.04 mol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into water (500 mL) and extracted with CHCl₃ (3×500 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to provide 71.6 g of 8-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline as a brown oil. A purified sample (silica gel, 25:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) exhibited the following spectral properties: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.75-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.96-2.06 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.90 (m, 2H), 4.23 (br s, 1H, OH), 4.72 (dd, 1H J=7.8, 6.3 Hz), 7.12 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 4.8 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.41 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 19.60, 28.84, 31.27, 68.87, 122.74, 132.19, 137.40, 147.06, 158.50. ES-MS m/z 150 (M+H).

In a similar manner:

Cyclopentenopyridine gave 7-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine (AMD 7473). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.01-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.89 (m, 1H), 3.06 (ddd, 1H, J=15.9, 9.0, 4.2 Hz), 4.85 (br s, 1H, OH, 5.25 (t, 1H J=6.9 Hz), 7.15 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 4.8 Hz), 7.57 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.43 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 27.90, 33.17, 74.46, 123.07, 133.86, 136.97, 148.05, 165.50. ES-MS m/z 136 (M+H).

Cycloheptenopyridine gave 9-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine (AMD7475). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.17-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.81-2.11 (m, 3H), 2.23 (br d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 2.72-2.76 (m, 2H), 4.76 (d, 1H, J=11.1 Hz), 5.94 (s, 1H, OH), 7.12 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz), 7.44 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 8.36 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 27.44, 29.41, 34.71, 36.72, 72.57, 122.45, 136.05, 137.56, 144.75, 161.38. ES-MS m/z 164 (M+H).

AMD7488: Preparation of 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

To a stirred solution of 8-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (71.6 g, 0.480 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (500 mL, 1.0 M) at room temperature was added triethylamine (126 mL, 0.904 mol) followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (55 mL, 0.711 mol). The resulting mixture was heated to 40° C. overnight then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was poured into water (350 mL), diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (350 mL), and the phases were separated. The organic phase was washed with brine (2×250 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated. The resultant oil was dissolved in DMF (570 mL), treated with sodium azide (63.1 g, 0.971 mol), and heated at 70° C. overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, then evaporated and the residual slurry was poured into brine (500 mL) and extracted with ether (4×500 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (2×100 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated. The crude material was filtered through a short plug of silica gel (CH₂Cl₂) to provide 41.0 g (46% from 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline) of 8-azido-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline as a red oil.

To a solution of the azide (41.0 g, 0.256 mol) in methanol (250 mL) was added Pd/C (10%, 4.1 g) and the mixture was hydrogenated at 30 psi on a Parr shaker. The mixture was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with methanol. The combined filtrates were evaporated and the residual oil was distilled (Kugelrohr, bp 115-140° C. @ 0.2 Torr) to provide 26.8 g (71%) of 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD7488) as a pale yellow oil. ¹H NMR (MeOH-d₄) δ 1.81-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.88-2.92 (m, 2H), 4.41 (dd, 1H, J=9.3, 6.3 Hz), 7.30 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 4.5 Hz), 7.62 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.47 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (MeOH-d₄) δ 21.12, 28.72, 28.89, 52.28, 124.86, 134.35, 138.96, 148.49, 152.57. ES-MS m/z 149 (M+H).

In a similar manner:

7-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine gave 7-amino-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.72-1.82 (m, 3H), 2.54-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.94 (m, 2H), 4.33 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 9.0 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 4.8 Hz), 7.52 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.41 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz).

9-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine gave 9-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine. ¹H NMR (MeOH-d₄) δ 1.24-1.36 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.89-2.17 (m, 4H), 2.85-2.89 (m, 2H), 4.63 (d, 1H, J=11.4 Hz), 7.26 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 4.5 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.41 (br d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz). ¹³C NMR (MeOH-d₄) δ 27.81, 30.45, 33.18, 34.57, 55.97, 124.43, 137.80, 138.90, 147.03, 157.34. ES-MS m/z 163 (M+H).

AMD8760: Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

General Procedure A: Direct Reductive Amination with NaBH₃CN

To a stirred solution of the amine (1 equivalent) in anhydrous methanol (concentration ˜0.1 M), at room temperature, was added the carbonyl compound (˜1-2 equivalents) in one portion. Once the carbonyl had dissolved (˜5 minutes), NaBH₃CN (˜2-4 equiv.) was added in one portion and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL/mmol of amine) and brine or 1.0 M aqueous NaOH (10 mL/mmol amine) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL/mmol amine). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified chromatography.

Using General Procedure A:

Reaction of N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (21.2 g, 51 mmol) with 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (7.61 g, 51 mmol) followed by column chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) gave the title compound (11.0 g, 40%) as an orange oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.74-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.86 (m, 2H), 3.13 (br s, 1H), 3.79-3.94 (m, 3H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 7.07-7.11 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.53, (t, 2H, J=8.4 Hz) 7.64 (br s, 2H), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=7.8. Hz), 8.40 (t, 2H, J=5.9 Hz); ³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 19.70, 28.61, 28.85, 51.43, 51.54, 52.37, 57.56, 122.26, 122.78, 122.82, 124.55, 128.91 (2), 129.12 (2), 131.39, 131.98, 132.87, 133.65, 133.98, 134.60, 136.98, 137.28, 140.87, 147.20, 148.30, 149.60, 156.34, 157.77. ES-MS m/z 544 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₂₉N₅O₄S.0.1CH₂Cl₂: C, 63.30; H, 5.33; N, 12.68. Found: C, 63.53; H, 5.35, N, 12.58.

Resolution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (1.641 g, 3.02 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added (S)-(−)-1-phenylethyl isocyanate (0.50 mL, 3.57 mmol) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into brine (40 mL) and diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification and separation of the resulting mixture of diastereomeric ureas by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/i-PrOH, 97.5/2.5) afforded a low polarity diastereomer (0.790 g, 38%) and a high polarity diastereomer (0.740 g, 35%), both as orange foams.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): low polarity diastereomer: δ 1.31 (d, 3H, J=6 Hz), 1.82-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.99 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.22 (m, 1H), 2.73 (br s, 2H), 4.15 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 4.31 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.98-5.03 (m, 2H), 5.49-5.52 (br m, 1H), 7.03-7.31 (m, 12H), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.50-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.99 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.41 (br s, 2H).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): high polarity diastereomer: δ 1.32 (d, 3H, J=6 Hz), 1.76-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.98 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.72 (br s, 2H), 4.08 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 4.33 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 4.97-5.01 (m, 2H), 5.54-5.59 (br m, 1H), 7.05-7.28 (m, 12H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.49-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.98 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.41 (d, 1H, J=4.2 Hz), 8.45 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz).

The diastereomeric purity of the urea's was determined by reversed phase HPLC using the following conditions: Instrument: Hewlett Packard 1100 HPLC (VWD2); Column: Zorbax SB, C8, 3.5 μm (100 A), 150 mm×3.0 mm; Mobile Phases: A: H₂O, B: MeCN; Gradient: 50% B (O min), 80% B (20 min), 50% B (21 min); Total Run Time: 40 min; Flow Rate: 0.350 mL/min; Temperature: 40° C.;

-   Detector: UV @ 254 nm; Injection volume: 5 μL. -   Retention time of the low polarity diastereomer=13.8 min (100% de). -   Retention time of the high polarity diastereomer=13.2 min (100% de). -   Acid Hydrolysis of the Diastereomerically Pure Urea Derivatives.

A stirred solution of the low polarity diastereomer (0.600 g, 0.867 mmol) in EtOH/concentrated HCl (6:1, 28 mL) was heated to reflux until the starting material had been consumed by TLC (24.5 hours). The mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and 1 N NaOH (40 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×25 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo.

To a solution of the resultant crude product from above (3 mg) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added (s)-(−)-1-phenylethyl isocyanate (5 μL, 0.036 mmol) and the mixture was stirred overnight (16 hours). The reaction was concentrated and the crude urea was analyzed by HPLC using the conditions described above to give a diastereomeric ratio of 17.6:1 (5.4% racemization had occurred during hydrolysis of the urea).

The remainder of the crude product from above was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂[MeOH, 96:4 to 9:1) to afford an enantiomerically enriched sample of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.286 g, 61% yield, 89% ee) as a pale yellow foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.59 (br s, 1H), 1.72-1.81 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.86 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.81 (d, 1H, J=12 Hz), 3.93 (d, 1H, J=15 Hz), 4.57 (s, 2H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 7.07-7.11 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.51-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.94 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.40 (br t, 2H, J=5.9 Hz).

Similarly, a stirred solution of the higher polarity diastereomer (0.400 g, 0.578 mmol) in EtOH/concentrated HCl (6:1, 28 mL) was heated to reflux until the starting material had been consumed by TLC (24.5 hours). The reaction was worked-up and a small sample was reacted with (S)-(−)-1-phenylethyl isocyanate as described above. Analysis of the crude urea by HPLC gave a diastereomeric ratio of 12.6:1 (7.4% racemization had occurred during hydrolysis of the urea). The remainder of the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 to 9:1) to afford an enantiomerically enriched sample of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.241 g, 77% yield, 85% ee) as a pale yellow foam.

AMD8812: Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure A:

Reaction of the aldehyde from above (26.9 g, 66 mmol) with 9-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine (10.6 g, 66 mmol) followed by column chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH/EtOAc) gave the title compound (16.9 g, 46%) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.39-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.77 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, 1H, J=12.0 Hz), 2.85-2.91 (m, 1H), 3.25 (br s, 1H), 3.76 (q, 2H, J=12.0 Hz), 3.95 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 4.57 (br s, 4H), 7.02-7.23 (m, 7H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.52-7.64 (m, 4H) 7.94 (d, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 8.37 (dd, 2H, J=11.4, 4.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 27.68, 29.20, 33.84, 34.62, 51.87, 52.13, 52.54, 63.08, 122.12, 122.74, 122.87, 124.57, 128.98 (2), 129.07 (2), 131.36, 132.08, 133.77, 134.01, 134.49, 137.02, 137.43 (2), 140.68, 146.13, 148.27, 149.64, 156.23, 162.10. ES-MS m/z 558 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₁N₅O₄S.0.3CH₂Cl₂: C, 62.41; H, 5.46; N, 12.01. Found: C, 62.63; H, 5.54; N, 12.17.

AMD8840: N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure A:

Reaction of N-[1-methylene-3-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (36.0 g, 87 mmol) with 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (12.9 g, 87 mmol) followed by column chromatography on silica (EtOAc) gave the title compound (17.5 g, 47%) as a yellow foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.73-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.83 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.88 (m, 3H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 7.03-7.11 (m, 4H), 7.17 (t, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.25 (d, 2H, 7.0 Hz), 7.32 (d, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.51-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.95 (d, 1H J=7.8 Hz), 8.40 (t, 2H, J=5.9 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 19.61, 28.59, 28.86, 51.59, 51.70, 52.58, 57.60, 60.40, 121.87, 122.35, 122.42, 124.14, 127.03, 127.84, 128.38, 128.63, 130.99, 131.57, 132.49, 133.23, 134.14, 135.08, 136.59, 136.88, 141.13, 146.79, 147.86, 149.18, 156.00, 157.40. ES-MS m/z 544 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₂₉N₅O₄S.0.1CH₃COOCH₂CH₃: C, 63.92; H, 5.44; N, 12.68. Found: C, 63.65; H, 5.47; N, 12.42.

AMD8843: Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine

General Procedure B: Direct Reductive Amination with NaBH(OAc)₃

To a stirred solution of the amine (1 equivalent) in CH₂Cl₂ (concentration ˜0.2 M), at room temperature, was added the carbonyl compound (˜1-2 equivalents), glacial acetic acid (0-2 equivalents) and, NaBH(OAc)₃ (˜1.5-3 equiv.) and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into either saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ or 1.0 M aqueous NaOH (10 mL/mmol amine). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL/mmol amine). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified chromatography.

Using General Procedure B:

Reaction of the aldehyde from above (22.3 g, 54 mmol) with 9-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine (8.8 g, 54 mmol) followed by column chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH/EtOAc) gave the title compound (AMD8843) (22.1 g, 73%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.42-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.80 (m, 2H), 2.03 (d, 2H, J=13.8 Hz) 2.54 (br s, 1H), 2.71 (t, 1H, J=12.0. Hz), 2.86-2.93 (m, 1H), 3.72 (q, 2H, J=12.0 Hz), 3.92 (d, 1H, J=10.5 Hz), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 7.03-7.24 (m, 7H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.51-7.62 (m, 4H) 7.93 (d, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 8.38 (dd, 2H, J=8.0, 4.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 27.34, 28.69, 33.55, 34.23, 51.75, 51.93, 52.47, 62.77, 121.59, 122.33, 122.42, 124.11, 126.95, 127.84, 128.41, 128.57, 130.99, 131.56, 133.23, 134.15, 135.01, 136.57, 136.93, 137.05, 141.35, 145.75, 147.86, 149.18, 155.96, 162.13. ES-MS m/z 558 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₁N₅O₄S: C, 64.61; H, 5.60; N, 12.56. Found: C, 64.80; H, 5.69; N, 12.30.

Preparation of N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzyl alcohol

Terephthaldicarboxaldehyde (40.75 g, 0.304 mol), methanol (250 mL), palladium on activated carbon, (10%, 4.24 g) and 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (3.1 mL, 0.003 mol, 0.01 mol equiv) were combined in a hydrogenation vessel and the reaction mixture was shaken on a Parr hydrogenator for 3.5 hours at 38 psi of hydrogen. The mixture was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with methanol. The solution was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, then reduced in volume to ˜200 mL under reduced pressure. To this stirred solution is then added a solution of 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (28 mL, 0.272 mol, 0.9 mol. Equiv.) in methanol (50 mL) over 15 minutes. This was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. The solution was transferred to a hydrogenation flask and palladium on activated carbon (10%, 2.60 g, 0.06) was added and the flask was shaken on a Parr hydrogenator for 4 hours at 39 psi of hydrogen. The mixture was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with methanol. The filtrates were then evaporated and the crude material was filtered through silica gel (180 g, 9:1 CH₂Cl₂: CH₃OH) to provide the title compound (67.45 g, 93%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.28 (br, 2H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 7.16 (br t, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 7.26-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.64 (td, 1H, J=7.7, 1.7 Hz), 8.54 (br d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz).

4-[[N-(-t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzyl alcohol

To a stirred solution of the alcohol from above (17.39 g, 76.3 mmol) in THF (260 mL) was added triethylamine (10 drops) and distilled water (10 drops). Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (19.93 g, 91.3 mmol, 1.2 mol equiv) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. Distilled water (250 mL) and ethyl acetate (250 mL) were added and the phases separated. The aqueous phase was washed with ethylacetate (2×250 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered. The solvent was removed from the filtrate under reduced pressure to give the crude product (30.62 g) as a yellow oil. This crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (19:1 CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH). The impure fractions were re-purified on silica gel (49:1 CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH) to give the desired alcohol (21.57 g, 86%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.42 (br s) and 1.49 (br s) (total 9H), 4.45 (br s) and 4.53 (br s) (total 4H), 4.67 (s, 2H), 7.15-7.33 (m, 6H), 7.64 (td, 1H, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz), 8.50 (br d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz).

4-[[N-(-t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzylaldehyde

To a stirred solution of the alcohol from above (4.59 g, 14.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (250 mL) was added manganese (IV) oxide (<5 μm particle size, 85%, 12.39 g, 121 mmol, 8.7 mol equiv) and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with dichloromethane. The solvent was removed from the filtrate under reduced pressure to give the crude material (4.40 g) as a yellow oil. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (97:3 CH₂Cl₂: CH₃OH) gave the title compound (3.27 g, 72%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.45 (s, 9H), 4.48-4.63 (m, 4H), 7.16-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.65 (td, 1H, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz), 7.83 (d, 2H, 9.0 Hz), 8.53 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 9.99 (s, 1H).

N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using general procedure B: A stirred solution of 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (4.16 g, 28.1 mmol) and 4-[[N-(-t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzylaldehyde (9.15 g, 28.1 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (300 mL) was reacted with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (8.50 g, 40.1 mmol) overnight. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc) gave the title compound (9.65 g, 75%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) mixture of rotational isomers δ 1.41 (br s) and 1.48 (br s) (total 9H), 1.76-1.83 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.06 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.83 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.86 (d, 1H, J=12 Hz), 3.97 (d, 1H, J=12 Hz), 4.44 (br s, 2H), 4.53 (br s, 2H), 7.04 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 4.8 Hz), 7.12-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.33-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.62 (td, 1H, J=7.5, 1.8 Hz), 8.38 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 1.2 Hz), 8.52 (dd, 1H, J=5.7, 1.8 Hz).

Preparation of N-(diethylphosphoryl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using identical procedures to those described above following reaction of 4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzyl alcohol with diethyl chlorophosphate gave the title compound. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.29 (t, 6H, J=6.3 Hz), 1.72-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.06 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.22 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.89 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.86 (d, 1H, J=12.6 Hz), 3.97 (d, 1H, J=12.6 Hz), 4.03-4.15 (m, 4H), 4.17 (d, 2H, J=12 Hz), 4.22 (d, 2H, J=12 Hz), 7.06 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 4.8 Hz), 7.14 (ddd, 1H, J=7.5, 4.8, 0.9 Hz), 7.25 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.34 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.36-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.63 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 0.9 Hz), 8.38 (dd, 1H, J=4.5, 1.5 Hz), 8.53 (br d, 1H, J=4.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 15.82 (d, J=7.1 Hz), 19.33, 28.23, 28.47, 48.86, 50.05, 51.16, 57.21, 62.11 (d, J=5.3 Hz), 121.47, 121.71, 121.97, 127.97 (2 carbons), 128.57 (2 carbons), 132.05, 135.59, 136.03, 136.49, 139.39, 146.42, 148.82, 156.97, 157.91. ES-MS m/z 495 (M+H).

TABLE 1 EXAMPLE 1 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4- AMD7490: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 2 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD7491 EXAMPLE 3 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-yl)-1,4- AMD7492: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 4 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD8766: EXAMPLE 5 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD8789: EXAMPLE 6 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD8776: EXAMPLE 7 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4- AMD8859: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine EXAMPLE 8 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4- AMD8867: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine. EXAMPLE 9 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD8746: EXAMPLE 10 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(1,2,3,4- AMD8835: tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine EXAMPLE 11 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8833: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 12 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8825: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 13 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD8869: EXAMPLE 14 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-quinolinyl)- AMD8876: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 15 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8751: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 16 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(2-amino-3-phenyl)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8777: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 17 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8763: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 18 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-quinolinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8771: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 19 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-(2-naphthoyl)aminoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8778: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 20 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(S)-(2-acetylamino-3-phenyl)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8781: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 21 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(S)-(2-acetylamino-3-phenyl)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8782: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 22 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[3-((2-naphthalenylmethyl)amino)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- AMD8788: 8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 23 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(S)-pyrollidinylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8733 and 1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD8734: EXAMPLE 24 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(R)-pyrollidinylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8756: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 25 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[3-pyrazolylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8799: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 26 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-pyrrolylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8728: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 27 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-thiopheneylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8836: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 28 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-thiazolylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8841: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 29 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-furanylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8821: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 30 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(phenylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8742: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 31 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-aminoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8743: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 32 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-3-pyrrolidinyl-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8753: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 33 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-4-piperidinyl-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8754: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 34 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(phenyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8784: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 35 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4- AMD8759: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 36 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4- AMD8762: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 37 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4- AMD8770: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 38 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalenyl)-1-(aminomethyl)-4- AMD8790: benzamide EXAMPLE 39 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalenyl)-1-(aminomethyl)-4- AMD8805: benzamide. EXAMPLE 40 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2- AMD8902: naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 41 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4- AMD8863: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 42 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2- AMD 8886: naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 43 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4- AMD8889: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 44 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(8-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2- AMD8895: naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 45 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD8852: EXAMPLE 46 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-quinolinyl)- AMD8858: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 47 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-naphthalenylmethyl) amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- AMD8785 8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 48 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(isobutylamino)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8820: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 49 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl) amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8827: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 50 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-furanylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8828: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 51 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-guanidinoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8772: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 52 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[bis-[(2-methoxy)phenylmethyl]amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8- AMD8861: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine EXAMPLE 53 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8- AMD8862 tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine EXAMPLE 54 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8- AMD8887: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 55 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(phenylureido)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8816: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 56 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[[N″-(n-butyl)carboxamido]methyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8737: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 57 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(carboxamidomethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8739: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 58 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(N″-phenyl)carboxamidomethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8752: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 59 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(carboxymethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8765: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 60 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(phenylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8715: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 61 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8907: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 62 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8- AMD8927: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (hydrobromide salt). EXAMPLE 63 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8926: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 64 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(1H)-5-azabenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD 8929: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 65 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8931: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 66 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8783: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 67 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-benzoxazolyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8764: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 68 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8780: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 69 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-phenylethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8818: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 70 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(3-phenylpropyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8829: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 71 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(trans-2-aminocyclopentyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8839: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 72 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8726: quinolinyl)-glycinamide EXAMPLE 73 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8738: quinolinyl)-(L)-alaninamide EXAMPLE 74 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8749: quinolinyl)-(L)-aspartamide EXAMPLE 75 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8750: quinolinyl)-pyrazinamide EXAMPLE 76 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8740: quinolinyl)-(L)-prolinamide EXAMPLE 77 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8741: quinolinyl)-(L)-lysinamide EXAMPLE 78 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8724: quinolinyl)-benzamide EXAMPLE 79 N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD8725: quinolinyl)-picolinamide EXAMPLE 80 N′-Benzyl-N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl) amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8- AMD8713: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-urea. EXAMPLE 81 N′-phenyl-N4[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl) amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8- AMD8712: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-urea. EXAMPLE 82 N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-4-[[(2- AMD8716: pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzamide EXAMPLE 83 N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzamide AMD8717: EXAMPLE 84 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8634: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 85 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4- AMD8774: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 86 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-yl)-1,4- AMD8775: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 87 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-1,4- AMD8819: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 88 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)methyl]-1,4- AMD8768: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 89 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′[(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-yl)methyl]-1,4- AMD8767: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 90 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD8838: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 91 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD8871: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 92 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)benzenedimethanamine AMD8844: EXAMPLE 95 N-[(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD7129: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 96 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido)-4-piperidinyl]-1,3- AMD7130: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 97 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1,3- AMD7131: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 98 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-oyl]-4-piperdinyl] AMD7136: 1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 99 N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7138: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 100 N-[(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7140: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 101 N-[(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD7141: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 102 N-[(4-acetamidophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD7142: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 103 N-[(4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7145: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 104 N-[(1-methyl-2-carboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine AMD7147: EXAMPLE 105 N-[(4-benzyloxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7151: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 106 N-[(thiophene-2-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7155: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 107 N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine. AMD7156: EXAMPLE 108 N-[[1-methyl-3-(pyrazol-3-yl)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7159: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 109 N-[1-(phenyl)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine. AMD7160: EXAMPLE 110 N-[(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7164: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 111 N-[1-benzyl-3-carboxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7166: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 112 N-[(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD7167: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 113 N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7168: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 114 N-[[1-methyl-2-(2-tolyl)carboxamido]ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7169: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 115 N-[(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolinone-4-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8- AMD7171: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 116 N-[(4-propoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7172: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 117 N-(1-phenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazolin-4-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8- AMD7175: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 118 N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine. AMD7177: EXAMPLE 119 N-[(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9- AMD7180: tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 120 N-[(3-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7182: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 121 N-[(3-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD7184: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 122 N-(5-ethylthiophene-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7185: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 123 N-(5-ethylthiophene-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD7186: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 124 N-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7187: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 125 N-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD7188: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 126 N-[(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7189: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 127 N-(2-difluoromethoxyphenylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD7195: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 128 N-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7196: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 129 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido)-4-piperidinyl]-1,4- AMD7197: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 130 N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1,4- AMD7198: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 131 N-[1-(3-pyridinecarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7199: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 132 N-[1-(cyclopropylcarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7200: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 133 N-[1-(1-phenylcyclopropylcarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7201: benzenedimethanamine. EXAMPLE 134 N-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD7202: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 135 N-[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carboxamide]-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2- AMD7203: pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 136 N-[1-(2-thiomethylpyridine-3-carboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7204: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 137 N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD7207: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 138 N-(1-methylpyrrol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD7208: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 139 N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD7209: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 140 N-[(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8- AMD7212: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 141 N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD7216: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 142 N-[2-(N″-morpholinomethyl)-1-cyclopentyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7217: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 143 N-[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD7220: EXAMPLE 144 N-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD7222: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 145 N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD7223: EXAMPLE 146 N-[[(1-phenyl-3-(N″-morpholino)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7228: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 147 N-[1-(iso-propyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD7229: EXAMPLE 148 N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD7230: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 149 N-[(1-methyl-3-pyrazolyl)propyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD7231: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 150 N-[1-methyl-2-(N″,N″-diethylcarboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7235: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 151 N-[(1-methyl-2-phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD7236: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 152 N-[(2-chloro-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8- AMD7238: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 153 N-[1-methyl-2-[N″-(4-chlorophenyl)carboxamido]ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8- AMD7239: tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 154 N-(1-acetoxyindol-3-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7241: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 155 N-[(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro- AMD7242: 5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 156 N-(3-quinolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD7244: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 157 N-[(8-hydroxy)-2-quinolylmethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7245: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 158 N-(2-quinolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7247: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 159 N-[(4-acetamidophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7249: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 160 N-[1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine AMD7250: EXAMPLE 161 N-(3-quinolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7251: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 162 N-(2-thiazolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7252: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 163 N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7253: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 164 N-[(5-benzyloxy)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7254: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 165 N-(1-methylpyarol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7256: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 166 N-[(4-methyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7257: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 167 N-[[(4-dimethylamino)-1-napthalenyl]methyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7259: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 168 N-[1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolinone-4-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7260: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 169 N-[1-[(1-acetyl-2-(R)-prolinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2- AMD7261: pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 170 N-[1-[2-acetamidobenzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2- AMD7262: pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 171 N-[(2-cyano-2-phenyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7270: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 172 N-[(N″-acetyltryptophanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)- AMD7272: 1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 173 N-[(N″-benzoylvalinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7273: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 174 N-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7274: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 175 N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- AMD7275: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 176 N-(1-methylbenzimadazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD7276: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 177 N-[1-butyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7277: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 178 N-[1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7278: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 179 N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7290: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 180 N-[(1-methyl)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)- AMD7309: 1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 181 N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3- AMD7311: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 182 N-[1-(benzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7359: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 183 N-[1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4- AMD7374: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 184 N-[(2-phenyl)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)- AMD7379: 1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 185 N-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD9025: quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 186 N-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD9031: quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 187 N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)- AMD9032: 1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 188 N-[(2-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- AMD9039: cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 189 N-(benzyloxyethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3- AMD9045: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 190 N-[(2-ethoxy-1-naphthalenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD9052: quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 191 N-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8- AMD9053: quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Having now generally described the invention, the same will be more readily understood through reference to the following examples which are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention, unless specified.

EXAMPLES Example 1 AMD7490: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

General Procedure C: Deprotection of the 2-nitobenzenesulfonyl Group (Nosyl).

To a stirred solution of the nosyl-protected amine (1 equivalent) in anhydrous CH₃CN (or DMF) (concentration ˜0.05 M), at room temperature, was added thiophenol (4-8 equiv.) followed by powdered K₂CO₃ (8-12 equivalents). The resulting bright yellow solution was stirred at room temperature (or 50° C.) for 1-24 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL/mmol amine) and water (2 mL/mmol amine) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by chromatography provided the free base.

Alternative work-up: the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to provide a yellow oil which was purified by chromatography on basic alumina (eluant CH₂Cl₂ then 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) and provided the free base as a colorless oil.

To a stirred solution of AMD8812 (0.250 g, 0.448 mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN (9 mL) was added thiophenol (0.16 mL, 1.56 mmol) followed by powdered K₂CO₃ (0.263 g, 1.90 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to provide a yellow oil which was purified by column chromatography on basic alumina (CH₂Cl₂ then 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) to give the free base as a colorless oil (0.071 g).

General Procedure D: Salt Formation Using Saturated HBr(g) in Acetic Acid.

To a solution of the free base in glacial acetic acid (or dioxane) (2 mL) was added, a saturated solution of HBr(g) in acetic acid (or dioxane) (2 mL). A large volume of ether (25 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid, which was allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask and the supernatant solution was decanted. The solid was washed by decantation with ether (3×25 mL) and the remaining traces of solvent were removed under vacuum. For additional purification (where necessary), the solid can be dissolved in methanol and re-precipitated with a large volume of ether. Washing the solid with ether by decantation, followed by drying of the solid in vacuo (0.1 Torr) gave the desired compound.

Using general procedure D: the free base from above (0.071 g, 0.19 mmol) gave AMD7490 (0.135 g). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.27-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.66-2.14 (m, 4H); 2.22-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.88 (m, 2H), 4.43 (d, 2H, J=4.5 Hz), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 4.73 (dd, 1H, J=10.8, 1.5 Hz), 7.37 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 7.8 Hz), 7.59 (d, 2H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.65 (d, 2H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.73 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 7.5 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.90 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.35 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz), 8.45 (dd, 1H, J=1.5, 5.1 Hz), 8.37 (dd, 1H, J=1.0, 5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 26.18, 28.59, 30.21, 33.02, 48.82, 50.07, 51.41, 61.52, 124.41, 127.04 (2 carbons), 131.18 (2 carbons), 131.25 (2 carbons), 131.88, 133.35, 137.98, 139.70, 144.38, 145.59, 146.35, 147.38, 153.76. ES-MS m/z 373 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₂₈N₄.4.0HBr.1.2 CH₃CO₂H.1.8H₂O: C, 39.60; H, 5.09; N, 7.00; Br, 39.92. Found: C, 39.52; H, 5.04; N, 7.02; Br, 40.18.

Example 2 AMD7491: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.233, 1.58 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (16 mL) was added triethylamine (0.33 mL, 2.37 mmol) followed by 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (0.374 g, 1.69 mmol). The resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours then poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (2×10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by flash chromatography (silica gel (24 g), 30:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.270 g of a yellow foam.

The foam from above was dissolved in CH₃CN (16 mL), treated with N-[1-methylene-4-(chloromethylene)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl) pyridine (Bridger et al. WO 00/02870) (0.412 g, 0.89 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.279 g, 2.02 mmol) and heated to reflux for 22 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) and water (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography (silica gel, 30:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.448 g of a yellow solid.

The yellow solid was reacted with thiophenol (0.40 mL, 3.90 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.628 g, 4.54 mmol) in CH₃CN (11 mL) using general procedure C. The crude product was purified on basic alumina (CH₂Cl₂ followed by 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) followed by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, 20:1:1 CHCl₃-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) to provide the free base (0.035 g) as a colorless oil. Conversion to the hydrobromide salt using General Procedure D gave AMD7491 (0.079 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.92-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.93-3.11 (m, 2H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.47 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.55 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.62 (s, 2H), 4.74-4.79 (m, 1H, overlaps with HOD), 7.59-7.69 (m, 5H), 7.81-7.90 (m, 2H), 8.05 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.33 (tt, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.58 (br d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 8.77 (br d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 18.01, 24.58, 27.18, 48.99, 49.11, 51.35, 55.79, 126.20, 126.91 (2 carbons), 131.26 (2 carbons), 131.32 (2 carbons), 132.11, 132.64, 137.53, 143.56, 144.02, 145.02, 146.45, 146.56, 147.56. ES-MS m/z 359 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆N₄.4.1HBr.1.8H₂O: C, 38.23; H, 4.70; N, 7.75; Br, 45.33. Found: C, 38.21; H, 4.63; N, 7.55; Br, 45.50.

Example 3 AMD7492: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of 7-amino-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine (0.150 g, 1.12 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (7 mL), at room temperature, was added N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.30 g, 0.733 mmol) and the solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. NaBH₃CN (0.137 g, 2.18 mmol) was added to the solution and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in 1.0 M aqueous NaOH (10 mL). The aqueous solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 25:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.254 g of the secondary amine as a red oil.

Using General Procedures C and D: The oil from above was reacted with thiophenol (0.17 mL, 1.66 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.280 g, 2.03 mmol) in CH₃CN (10 mL). The crude material was purified by chromatography on basic alumina (25 g, eluant CH₂Cl₂ followed by 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) to give 0.053 g of the free amine as a brown oil. Salt formation gave AMD7492 (0.124 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.43-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.86 (m, 1H); 3.17 (ddd, 1H, J=17.1, 9.0, 4.8 Hz), 3.31 (dd, 1H, J=17.1, 8.1 Hz), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 5.10 (dd, 1H, J=4.5, 8.4 Hz), 7.61 (s, 4H), 7.73 (dd, 1H, J=5.4, 7.8 Hz), 7.84-7.92 (m, 2H), 8.21 (d, 1H, J=72 Hz), 8.35 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz), 8.77 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 27.45, 28.34, 48.88, 49.64, 51.37, 61.32, 126.91, 127.01, 127.04, 131.20 (2 carbons), 131.35 (2 carbons), 132.11, 132.60, 139.92, 142.65, 144.29, 145.69, 146.39, 147.39, 153.21. ES-MS m/z 345 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₂H₂₄N₄.3.9HBr.0.2 CH₃CO₂H.1.7H₂O: C, 38.29; H, 4.60; N, 7.97; Br, 44.35. Found: C, 38.21; H, 4.62; N, 7.94; Br, 44.44.

Example 4 AMD8766: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

General Procedure E: Reductive Amination Via Hydrogenation.

1-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene (0.104 g, 0.70 mmol) was condensed with N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-(amino methyl)pyridine (0.182 g, 0.56 mmol) in methanol (5.5 mL) overnight. Palladium on activated carbon (10%, 48 mg) was added and the mixture was hydrogenated (1 atmosphere) at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with methanol. The combined filtrates were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 25:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) to give a colourless oil (0.100 g). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt using General Procedure D gave AMD8766 as a white solid (0.099 g). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.85-1.91 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.78 (ddd, 1H, J=17.4, 7.5, 7.5 Hz), 2.90 (ddd, 1H, J=17.4, 5.1, 5.1 Hz), 4.33 (d, 2H, J=4.2 Hz), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.55 (dd, 1H, J=4.5, 4.5 Hz), 4.62 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.37 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.58 (m, 4H), 7.84-7.94 (m, 2H), 8.36 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.74 (br d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 17.92, 25.25, 28.15, 48.45, 48.57, 51.41, 56.36, 126.81, 127.20, 127.31, 129.77, 129.92, 129.99, 130.51, 131.18 (2 carbons), 131.29 (2 carbons), 131.79, 132.92, 139.33, 144.87, 145.87, 146.99. ES-MS m/z 358 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₂₇N₃.3.0HBr.0.5H₂O: C, 47.32; H, 5.13; N, 6.90; Br, 39.35. Found: C, 47.40; H, 5.04; N, 6.96; Br, 39.25.

Example 5 AMD8789: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

1-Aminonapthalene (0.100 g, 0.70 mmol) was condensed with N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.182 g, 0.56 mmol) in methanol (6 mL) overnight and the corresponding imine was reduced with NaBH₄ (0.051 g, 1.35 mmol) (see General Procedures A and B). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 100:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.168 g of a colorless oil.

The oil was converted to the hydrobromide salt using HBr/acetic acid (General Procedure D) to give a white solid (0.156 g). The solid was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and 10 M aqueous solution of NaOH (5 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the residue by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, 100:5:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) gave a colorless oil (0.04 g). Formation of the hydrobromide salt for a second time using General Procedure D provided a pure sample of AMD8789 (0.040 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 4.32 (s, 2H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.79 (s, 2H, overlaps with HOD), 7.25 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.31-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.46 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.54-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.99 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.26 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.70 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 48.95, 50.99, 54.62, 120.39, 125.43, 125.98, 126.38, 126.48, 127.66, 129.55, 129.81, 130.90, 131.84, 132.02, 132.19, 134.45, 143.07, 147.09, 147.95. ES-MS m/z 354 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₂₃N₃.2.9HBr.1.3H₂O: C, 47.14; H, 4.70; N, 6.87; Br, 37.89. Found: C, 47.22; H, 4.76; N, 6.63; Br, 37.88.

Example 6 AMD8776: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of 8-aminoquinoline (0.130 g, 0.902 mmol) in CH₃CN (17 mL) was added N-[1-methylene-4-(chloromethylene)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl) pyridine (0.364 g, 0.843 mmol) followed by K₂CO₃ (0.237 g, 1.72 mmol) and NaI (0.013 g, 0.084 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 5 days then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 100:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.205 g of a yellow solid.

Using General Procedure C: The yellow solid (0.205 g, 0.38 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.20 mL, 1.95 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.503 g, 3.64 mmol) in CH₃CN (7 mL). Purification of the crude product by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 200:10:2 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) gave the free base as a yellow oil (0.107 g). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt using General Procedure D gave the crude product, which was re-precipitated from methanol/ether and dried in vacuo to give AMD8776 as a red-orange solid (0.153 g). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 4.37 (s, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.42-7.64 (m, 6H), 7.77-7.93 (m, 3H), 8.26-8.33 (m, 1H), 8.69 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.88 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.92 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 48.11, 48.53, 51.49, 116.37, 119.53, 121.98, 126.95, 127.06, 129.09 (2 carbons), 129.76, 130.41, 130.52, 130.53, 130.83 (2 carbons), 137.79, 139.52, 143.60, 144.40, 146.09, 146.90, 147.30. ES-MS m/z 355 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₂N₄.3.0HBr.0.9H₂O: C, 45.04; H, 4.40; N, 9.13; Br, 39.08. Found: C, 45.14; H, 4.22; N, 9.06; Br, 38.86.

Example 7 AMD8859: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine

Preparation of 8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline

A mixture of 8-nitroquinoline (1.035 g, 5,94 mmol) and platinum oxide (35 mg, 0.15 mmol, 2.5 mol %) in glacial acetic acid was hydrogenated (20 psi) on a Parr Shaker at room temperature for 20 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with methanol. The solvent was removed from the filtrate to afford a red oil. The oil was dissolved in a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and a 10 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was added dropwise until the aqueous phase was basic (pH ˜14) to litmus paper. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed once with water (10 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated. The residue was filtered (100:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) through a short pad of silica gel (30 g) and afforded 0.699 g (79%) of 8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline as an oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.89-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.79 (t, 2H, J=6.3 Hz), 3.34 (t, 2H, J=5.4 Hz), 3.20-3.60 (br signal, 3H, NH & NH ₂), 6.55-6.64 (m, 3H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 22.79, 27.44, 42.98, 114.50, 118.47, 121.56, 123.70, 134.24 (2 carbons).

8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline

To a stirred solution of 8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (0.530 g, 3.58 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and water (3 mL), at room temperature, was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.782 g, 3.58 mmol). After 5 hours, the mixture was poured into water (10 mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography (4 mm plate, 5:1 hexanes-ethyl acetate) provided 0.650 g (73%) of 8-(-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.51 (s, 9H), 1.86-1.94 (m, 2H), 2.78 (t, 2H, J=6.3 Hz), 3.32 (t, 2H, J=5.4 Hz), 3.88 (br s, 1H, NH), 6.01 (br s, 1H, NH), 6.64 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 7.2 Hz), 6.82 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.13 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 21.97, 27.20, 28.34 (3 carbons), 42.20, 80.36, 117.25, 122.37, 123.65, 126.55 (2 carbons), 138.38, 154.08. ES-MS m/z 271 (M+Na).

1-Methyl-8-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline

To a stirred solution of 8-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (0.876 g, 3.52 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (35 mL), at room temperature was added excess methyl iodide (2 mL, 32.12 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (25 mL) and diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×25 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by flash chromatography (36 g silica gel, 10:1 hexanes-ethyl acetate) provided 0.83 g (90%) of 1-methyl-8-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.53 (s, 9H), 1.84-1.92 (m, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.79 (t, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.03-3.07 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 6.95 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.18 (br s, 1H, NH), 7.82 (br d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz).

1-Methyl-8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline

Anhydrous HCl (gas) was bubbled through a stirred solution of 1-methyl-8-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (0.83 g, 3.16 mmol) in methanol (30 mL), at room temperature, for 10 minutes. The resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and aqueous NaOH (10 N, 10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to afford 0.468 g (88%) of 1-methyl-8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.83-1.91 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.78 (t, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.07-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.84 (br s, 2H, NH ₂), 6.52 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.56 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.81 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 7.5 Hz).

Preparation of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using general procedure B: Reaction of 1-methyl-8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (0.451 g, 2.78 mmol) and N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (1.268 g, 3.08 mmol) with NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.896 g, 4.23 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (28 mL) for 3.5 hours followed by purification of the crude material by flash chromatography (36 g silica gel, 1:2 hexanes-ethyl acetate) provided 1.44 g (93%) of the title compound as an orange solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.84-1.93 (m, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.79 (t, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.06-3.09 (m, 2H), 4.27 (s, 2H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 4.73 (t, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 6.35 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 6.48 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 7.5 Hz), 7.09-7.14 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.52-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.42 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz).

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(aminoethyl)]-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure B: The solid from above (0.724 g, 1.30 mmol) was reacted with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-amino-acetaldehyde (0.484 g, 3.04 mmol), NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.633 g, 2.99 mmol), glacial acetic acid (0.17 mL, 2.97 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (13 mL) for 21 hours. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, 1:1 hexanes-ethyl acetate) provided 0.91 g of a yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL). The resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and the aqueous phase was made basic (pH 14) using 10 M aqueous NaOH (˜2 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂MeOH containing 1% NH₄OH) provided the title compound (0.469 g, 60% for two steps) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.44 (br s, 2H, NH ₂), 1.79-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, 2H, J=6.3 Hz), 2.79 (t, 2H, J=6.3 Hz), 2.96 (s, 3H), 3.01 (t, 2H, J=6.3 Hz), 3.10-3.14 (m, 2H), 4.27 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 6.70-6.78 (m, 3H), 7.06-7.12 (m, 5H), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.50-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.41 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz).

N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (AMD8859)

Using General Procedure B: The solid from above (0.216 g, 0.36 mmol), pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (30 μL, 0.32 mmol), and NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.119 g, 0.56 mmol), were reacted in CH₂Cl₂ (7 mL) for 3 hours. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH containing 2% NH₄OH) provided 0.215 g of a yellow oil. Using General Procedure C, the title compound was obtained by reaction of the oil from above (0.215 g, 0.31 mmol) with thiophenol (0.20 mL, 1.95 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.555 g, 4.02 mmol) in CH₃CN (6 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 40:2:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) gave AMD8859 (0.120 g, 68%) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.76-1.84 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 2.78 (t, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 2.96 (s, 3H), 3.07-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.19 (t, 2H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.81 (s, 4H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 4.30 (s, 2H), 6.70-6.79 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.33 (m, 7H), 7.57-7.67 (m, 2H), 8.52 (br d, 1H, J=4.2 Hz), 8.56 (br d, 1H, J=4.2 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 18.33, 28.96, 41.63, 46.94, 49.79, 52.67, 53.69, 54.98, 55.46, 56.43, 119.54, 121.08, 122.21, 122.23, 122.41, 122.76, 124.50, 128.43 (2 carbons), 129.50 (2 carbons), 129.96, 136.77, 136.83, 138.03, 138.98, 142.91, 143.19, 149.59, 149.70, 160.22, 160.29. ES-MS m/z 507 (M+H).

Example 8 AMD8867: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine

Reaction of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(aminoethyl)]-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.140 g, 0.23 mmol) with imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.023 g, 0.24 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (7 mL) overnight, followed by reduction of the corresponding imine with NaBH₄ (0.039 g, 1.02 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ and purification of the crude material by radial chromatography silica gel (2 mm plate, 40:2:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) provided 0.108 g of a yellow solid. Using General Procedure C: the free base of the title compound was obtained by reaction of the solid from above (0.108 g, 0.16 mmol) with thiophenol (0.10 mL, 0.97 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.223 g, 1.61 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 mL). Purification of the crude product by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 10:1:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) gave AMD8867 (0.072 g, 64%) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.76-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.50 (br s 2H, NH), 2.61 (t, 2H, J=6.3 Hz), 2.77 (t, 2H, J=6.3 Hz), 2.93 (s, 3H), 3.03-3.07 9m, 2H), 3.14 (t, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 3.72 (s, 2H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 6.74-6.87 (m, 5H), 7.14-7.34 (m, 6H), 7.64 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.55 (br d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 9.54-10.06 (br s, 1H, NH). ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 18.13, 28.86, 41.83, 47.04, 47.28, 49.65, 52.58, 53.65, 54.95, 57.19, 119.79, 121.38, 122.40 (2 carbons), 122.79 (2 carbons), 124.87, 128.59 (2 carbons), 129.50 (2 carbons), 130.22, 136.90, 137.99, 139.16, 143.23, 143.55, 147.70, 149.68, 160.11. ES-MS m/z 496 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₇N₇.0.7H₂O: C, 70.89; H, 7.61; N, 19.29. Found: C, 71.09; H, 7.64; N, 19.39.

Example 9 AMD8746: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

A stirred solution of 8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (0.136 g, 0.92 mmol) and N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.370 g, 0.90 mmol) in benzene (20 mL) was heated to reflux under Dean-Stark conditions for 24 hours. The mixture was concentrated, dissolved in MeOH (10 mL) and THF (2 mL) and treated with NaBH₃CN (0.094 g, 1.49 mmol) for 72 hours. The mixture was concentrated and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and a 1.0 M aqueous solution of NaOH (5 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by flash chromatography (24 g silica gel, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) gave the desired product (0.137 g).

Using General Procedures C and D: The intermediate from above (0.137 g, 0.252 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.18 mL, 1.75 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.361 g, 2.61 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL). Purification of the crude product by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 15:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) gave the free base of the title compound as a yellow oil (0.065 g). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8746 as a white solid (0.129 g). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.07-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.89 (t, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.58 (dd, 2H, J=5.4, 5.4 Hz), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 6.62 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 6.74 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.13 (t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.48 (s, 4H), 7.89-7.98 (m, 2H), 8.43 (br t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.77 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.43, 25.51, 43.70, 47.32, 48.13, 51.70, 112.57, 118.77, 120.65, 127.42, 127.63, 128.70 (2 carbons), 128.94, 129.36, 130.82 (2 carbons), 132.98, 139.89, 140.77, 145.37, 145.58, 146.71. ES-MS m/z 359 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆N₄.3.6HBr.0.8 CH₃CO₂H.2.1H₂O: C, 40.17; H, 5.07; N, 7.62; Br, 39.10. Found: C, 40.26; H, 4.71; N, 7.76; Br, 38.91.

Example 10 AMD8835: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

1-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene (0.154 g, 1.05 mmol) was condensed with imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.103 g, 1.07 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) overnight. The resulting imine was then hydrogenated (30 psi, room temperature) over Pd/C (10%, 34 mg) overnight. The mixture was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with methanol. The combined filtrates were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH containing 1% NH₄OH) to give a colorless oil (0.202 g).

The oil was reacted with N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.368 g, 0.89 mmol) and NaBH₃CN (0.137 g, 2.18 mmol) in methanol (9 mL) with stirring at room temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was concentrated and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) and water (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 25:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.365 g of a white solid.

Using General procedures C and D: The solid from above (0.345 g, 0.55 mmol) was treated with thiophenol (0.35 mL, 3.41 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.773 g, 5.59 mmol) in CH₃CN (11 mL). The crude product was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 100:4:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) to give the free base of the title compound as a yellow solid (0.096 g). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8835 as a white solid (0.128 g). ¹H NMR (20) δ 1.51-1.62 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.04 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.98 (s, 2H), 4.21 (d, 1H, J=12.6 Hz), 4.31-4.44 (m, 4H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 7.14-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.40 (s, 4H), 7.75 (br d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.81 (br d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 7.87 (br d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.32 (br t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.70 (br d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 21.48, 22.23, 29.43, 46.15, 48.45, 51.43, 55.95, 62.17, 119.74, 126.94, 127.10, 127.25, 128.37, 128.73, 130.00, 130.20, 130.55, 130.83, 140.64, 144.79, 145.81, 147.03. ES-MS m/z 438 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₁N₅.4.1HBr.2.4H₂O: C, 41.39; H, 4.95; N, 8.62; Br, 40.32. Found: C, 41.14; H, 4.62; N, 9.01; Br, 40.32.

Preparation of 8-hydroxy-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD8786)

To a vigorously stirred solution of 2-phenylquinoline (6.0 g, 29 mmol) in TFA (30 mL) in a 250 mL round-bottomed flask under nitrogen was added PtO₂ (332 mg, 1.5 mmol) in one portion. The resulting mixture was then placed under a hydrogen atmosphere (H₂ flush for 5 min, then H₂ balloon with a wide-bore needle) and heated to 60° C. Stirring was continued for 5 h, at which time GLC analysis indicated all of the starting material was consumed. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and the TFA was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was rendered basic with a minimum amount of 4 N NaOH and extracted with CHCl₃ (3×50 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by flash chromatography (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc 10:1) afforded 4.85 g of 2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (80% yield).

To a stirred solution of 2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (3.80 g, 18 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (10 mL) was added a 30 wt. % aqueous solution of H₂O₂ (2 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 70° for 18 h; at this point, another portion of H₂O₂ solution (2 mL) was added and stirring was continued for 2 days. The solution was cooled to room temperature and Na₂CO₃ (10 g) and CHCl₃ (20 mL) were added. The resulting mixture was allowed to sit 15 min then filtered and the aqueous phase was extracted with CHCl₃ (3×20 mL); the organic fractions were then combined, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. The residue was then taken up in acetic anhydride (20 mL) and heated at 90° C. for 4 h with stirring. Removal of the Ac₂O under reduced pressure afforded a pale yellow oil which was taken up in methanol (30 mL) and treated with K₂CO₃ (100 mg, 0.72 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. A solution of 4 N NaOH (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CHCl₃ (3×20 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc 4:1) afforded 3.0 g of 8-hydroxy-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline AMD 8786 (74% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.78-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.97-2.02 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.79 (m, 2H), 4.43 (s, 1H), 4.71 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.37-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.52 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.96 (dd, 2H, J=9, 2 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 19.4, 27.8, 30.5, 69.0, 119.0, 126.5, 128.5, 128.7, 129.8, 137.6, 138.7, 154.0, 157.5. ES-MS m/z 226 (M+H).

Preparation of 8-amino-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD8787)

To a stirred solution of 8-hydroxy-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (3.0 g, 13 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) at 0° C. and triethylamine (4.0 mL, 29 mmol) was added dropwise, methanesulfonyl chloride (1.6 mL, 21 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, then saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with CHCl₃ (3×20 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in DMF (20 mL), then sodium azide (1.7 g, 26 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 5 h. At this time, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with aqueous brine solution (20 mL) and the resulting mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (3×20 mL). The organic fractions were combined then washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in MeOH/EtOAc 1:1 (20 mL) and placed in a hydrogenation flask which was flushed with nitrogen. Palladium on carbon (10%, 220 mg) was added and the mixture was shaken in a Parr hydrogenator under 45 psi of hydrogen for 8 h. The reaction was filtered through celite and the cake was washed with CHCl₃ (50 mL). Evaporation of the combined filtrates afforded 8-amino-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD8787) (2.2 g, 74%) as a pale yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.77-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.85 (m, 2H), 4.30 (dd, 1H, J=9, 5 Hz), 7.31-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.55 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.69 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 8.11 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 18.5, 21.1, 24.0, 52.3, 120.7, 127.7, 129.7, 130.1, 132.3, 139.6, 153.5, 155.7. ES-MS m/z 225 (M+H). This intermediate was used without further purification.

Example 11 AMD8833: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine

Using General Procedure B:

Reaction of 8-amino-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (100 mg, 0.45 mmol) and N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (183 mg, 0.47 mmol) in the presence of NaBH(OAc)₃ (189 mg, 0.90 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) for 3 hours, followed by purification of the crude product by column chromatography (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 40:2:1) gave the title compound (249 mg, 90%) as a yellow/green foam.

Using General Procedures C and D: The foam from above (249 mg, 0.40 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (103 μL, 1.0 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (167 mg, 1.2 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). The crude product was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:1:1) to give the free base of AMD8833 (103 mg, 59%). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8833 (121 mg, 57%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.77-1.84 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.07 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.96 (br s, 2H), 3.80-3.96 (m, 5H), 4.05 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 7.12-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.50 (m, 10H), 7.63 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.98 (d, 2H, J=7 Hz), 8.54 (br d, 1H, J=5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 20.0, 28.5, 28.8, 51.1, 53.1, 54.3, 57.2, 118.3, 121.8, 122.2, 126.5, 128.1, 128.2, 128.5, 130.8, 136.2, 137.5, 138.4, 139.2, 149.1, 154.0, 156.8, 159.5. ES-MS m/z 435 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₀N₄.3.5HBr.0.2H₂O.0.7C₂H₄O₂: C, 47.94; H, 4.86; N, 7.34; Br, 36.35. Found: C, 47.95; H, 4.91; N, 7.32; Br, 36.35.

Example 12 AMD8825: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using General Procedure A:

8-Amino-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (150 mg, 0.67 mmol), pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (64 μL, 0.67 mmol) and NaBH₃CN (84 mg, 1.3 mmol) were reacted in MeOH (3 mL) for 18 h. The crude material isolated from this reaction (180 mg, 85%) was used without further purification.

The intermediate from above (246 mg, 0.54 mmol) was dissolved in CH₃CN (11 mL). N-[1-methylene-4-(chloromethylene)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (246 mg, 0.54 mmol) was added, followed by K₂CO₃ (158 mg, 1.1 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated at 82° C. for two days. Standard work-up and extraction of the crude gum with diethyl ether (3×30 mL), gave the desired N-alkylated intermediate (305 mg, 74% yield).

Using General Procedures C and D: The intermediate from above (300 mg, 0.42 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (108 μL, 1.1 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (174 mg, 1.3 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 40:2:1) afforded the free base of AMD8825 as a colourless oil (62 mg, 30%). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8825 (90 mg, 79% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.62-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.78 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.85-3.94 (m, 4H), 4.09-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.28 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 7.03-7.06 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.49-7.65 (m, 7H), 7.98 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 8.18 (d, 2H, J=7 Hz), 8.43 (d, 1H, J=4 Hz), 8.54 (d, 1H, J=4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 21.9, 27.6, 29.0, 53.1, 54.3, 55.9, 57.2, 59.1, 117.7, 121.4, 121.8, 122.2, 122.5, 126.6, 128.0, 128.4, 128.5, 128.7, 132.6, 136.2, 136.3, 137.1, 138.2, 139.6, 148.4, 149.1, 154.1, 158.1, 159.5, 161.9. ES-MS m/z 526 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₅H₂₅N₅.4.4HBr.1.6H₂O.1.0C₂H₄O₂: C, 45.79; H, 4.84; N, 7.22; Br, 36.56. Found: C, 45.67; H, 4.86; N, 7.20; Br, 36.22.

Preparation of 7-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD8850) and 5-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD8851)

Following the procedure described by Filippi, J. (Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1968, 1, 259-67).

The Skraup reaction of m-nitroaniline and glycerol in the presence of As₂O₃ and H₂SO₄ afforded a 65:35 mixture of 5-nitroquinoline and 7-nitroquinoline, respectively, in a combined yield of 21%. This mixture (6.6 g, 38 mmol) was taken up in EtOAc (50 mL), placed in a 250 mL round-bottom flask, and flushed with nitrogen. Next, 10% Pd/C (0.6 g) was added and the mixture was placed under a hydrogen atmosphere (H₂ balloon) and stirred vigorously for 18 h. The residue was filtered through a pad of celite, eluting with CHCl₃ (100 mL), and the solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 5.0 g of a 65:35 mixture of 5-aminoquinoline and 7-aminoquinoline, respectively (91% yield). This material was taken up in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) and pyridine (3 mL, 37 mmol) and DMAP (100 mg, 0.82 mmol) followed by Ac₂O (5 mL, 53 mmol) were added. Stirring was continued for 1 h, at which point 4 N NaOH (50 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×50 mL). The combined organic fractions were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give 6.5 g of a mixture of N-acetylated products (quant. yield).

To a vigorously stirred solution of 5-(N-acetylamino)-quinoline and 7-(N-acetylamino)-quinoline (2.7 g, 14 mmol) in TFA (30 mL) in a 250 mL round-bottom flask under nitrogen was added PtO₂ (165 mg, 0.72 mmol). The flask was then flushed with H₂ for 5 min, then placed under a H₂ atmosphere (H₂ balloon) and heated to 60° C. for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was rendered basic with a minimum volume of 4 N NaOH and extracted with CHCl₃ (3×50 mL), and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded 1.35 g of a mixture of 5-(N-acetylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline and 7-(N-acetylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, respectively (49% yield). The mixture (1.35 g, 7.1 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) and concentrated HCl (5 mL) was added; the solution was then heated at reflux for 2 days. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature and the volume was reduced by evaporation. The residue was (cautiously) made basic with a minimum amount of saturated aqueous NaOH, then the aqueous phase was extracted with CHCl₃ (3×25 mL), and the combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded two products: 7-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD8850) (456 mg, 43%) as a pale yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.45 (br 2, 2H), 1.48-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.90 (m, 1H), 2.59 (dd, 1H, J=15, 9 Hz), 2.71-2.78 (m, 2H), 3.08 (dd, 1H, J=15, 6 Hz), 3.18-3.24 (m, 1H), 6.93 (dd, 1H, J=8, 5 Hz), 7.27 (br d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 8.25 (br d, 1H, J=5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 26.4, 31.8, 42.1, 46.8, 120.8, 130.8, 136.1, 146.8, 155.4; ES-MS m/z 149 (M+H);

and 5-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (AMD8851) (503 mg 48%) as a pale yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.57-1.65 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.93-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.89 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.92 (m, 1H), 7.04 (dd, 1H, J=8, 5 Hz), 7.67 (br d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 8.32 (br d, 1H, J=5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 19.2, 29.5, 32.3, 33.4, 49.1, 121.2, 135.7, 136.0, 147.5, 156.7. ES-MS m/z 149 (M+H).

Example 13 AMD8869: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure. B: Reaction of 5-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (100 mg, 0.67 mmol), N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (220 mg, 0.67 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (286 mg, 1.3 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) for 18 hours gave, after standard work-up and purification of the crude intermediate by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1), the desired reductive amination product (274 mg, 89%) as a colourless oil.

Using General Procedure D: the oil from above (65 mg, 0.14 mmol) was converted to the corresponding hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to give AMD8869 (38 mg, 36%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.13-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.32 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.35 (m, 2H), 4.38-4.56 (m, 4H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 4.93 (br s, 1H), 7.59 (br s, 5H), 7.85-7.94 (m, 3H), 8.35 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 8.60 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 8.72-8.74 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 18.6, 26.2, 29.4, 51.3, 51.7, 53.9, 56.8, 127.9, 129.6, 129.7, 133.4, 133.9, 134.6, 134.8, 145.0, 147.1, 148.7, 149.7, 150.5, 157.6. ES-MS m/z 359 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆N₄.4.4HBr.1.4H₂O: C, 37.35; H, 4.52; N, 7.57; Br, 47.53. Found: C, 37.43; H, 4.53; N, 7.31; Br, 47.40.

Example 14 AMD8876: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using General Procedure B:

Reaction of N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (275 mg, 0.60 mmol), imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (115 mg, 1.2 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (380 mg, 1.8 mmol) in a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and acetic acid (0.5 mL) for 48 hours, followed by standard work-up and purification of the crude intermediate by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded the desired reductive amination product (182 mg, 57%) as a pale yellow oil.

Using General procedure D: the oil from above (182 mg, 0.34 mmol) was converted to the corresponding hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to give AMD8876 (157 mg, 49%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.93-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.36 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.17 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.87 (m, 2H), 4.10 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz), 4.27 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz), 4.41 (br s, 3H), 4.69 (br s, 2H), 7.15 (s, 2H), 7.42 (br s, 4H), 7.95 (t, 1H, J=6 Hz), 8.03-8.11 (m, 2H), 8.53-8.57 (m, 2H), 8.78-8.81 (d, 1H, J=4 Hz), 9.13 (d, 1H, J=6 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 22.2, 23.1, 30.3, 49.8, 50.6, 54.1, 58.2, 63.0, 121.7, 127.5, 130.0, 130.3, 132.0, 132.7, 133.2, 141.6, 142.2, 142.6, 147.8, 148.1, 148.3, 148.8, 149.0, 157.0. ES-MS m/z 439 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₀N₆.5.6HBr.2.3H₂O: C, 34.75; H, 4.34; N, 9.01; Br, 47.95. Found: C, 35.09; H, 4.40; N, 8.62; Br, 47.72.

Example 15 AMD8751: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (174 mg, 0.38 mmol) in dry MeOH (5 mL) was added 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde (75 mg, 0.78 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (55 mg, 0.88 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 40 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) and aqueous 1 N sodium hydroxide (30 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL) and the combined organic extracts washed with brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5) afforded the imidazole derivative (48 mg, 24%) as a clear oil.

To a solution of the intermediate from above (48 mg, 0.089 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the crude oil was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 85:15) to afford the free amine (38 mg, 97%) as a clear oil. Conversion to the hydrobromide salt using general procedure D gave AMD8751 (37 mg, 45%) as an off-white solid.

¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.83-1.88 (br m, 1H), 2.22-2.29 (br m, 2H), 2.35-2.39 (br m, 1H), 3.01-3.02 (br s, 2H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 4.29 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.31 (s, 2H), 4.42 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.60-4.63 (m, 1H), 7.21 (s, 2H), 7.31 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.35 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.76-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.86 (t, 1H, J=6.3 Hz), 8.20-8.24 (br m, 1H), 8.34 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 8.71 (d, 1H, J=4.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.47 (2 carbons), 27.79, 49.02, 49.30, 51.12, 55.89, 61.55, 119.31 (2 carbons), 125.93, 126.29, 126.41, 130.10, 130.71 (4 carbons), 138.56, 139.51, 140.71, 142.77, 145.22, 147.34, 148.06, 148.23, 151.09. ES-MS m/z 439 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₀N₆.4.5HBr.4.0H₂O.1.3CH₃CO₂H: C, 37.31; H, 5.05; N, 8.82; Br, 37.74. Found: C, 37.31; H, 4.75; N, 8.90; Br, 37.80.

Example 16 AMD8777: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(2-amino-3-phenyl)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Prepared according to the procedure of Smith, G. A. et al. Org. Synth. 1984, 63, 136-139.

To a solution of L-Phenylalaninol (358 mg, 2.37 mmol) in wet THF (5 mL) was added di-t-butyl dicarbonate (715 mg, 3.28 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 16 hours then concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (hexanes/EtOAc, 3:1) afforded the N-Boc-protected alcohol (590 mg, 99%) as a white solid: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.41 (br s, 9H), 2.45 (br s, 1H), 2.84 (d, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.52-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.88 (br m, 1H), 4.76 (br s, 1H), 7.20-7.34 (m, 5H).

General Procedure F: Oxidation Using Dess-Martin Periodinane:

To a stirred solution of N-Boc-L-phenylalaninol (258 mg, 1.03 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 1,1,1-triacetoxy-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3 (1H)-one (Dess-Martin periodinane) (525 mg, 1.24 mmol) in one portion and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (30 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (10 mL) and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was then diluted with water (10 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) and the layers partitioned. The organic phase was washed with brine (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo N-Boc-L-phenylalaninal. This was used without further purification in the next step.

Using General procedure A: Reaction of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (250 mg, 0.46 mmol), crude N-Boc L-phenylalaninal and sodium cyanoborohydride overnight gave the corresponding reductive amination product as a yellow oil (mixture of diastereomers). Using general procedures C and D: The intermediate was reacted with thiophenol to give the free base (60 mg, 22% over 2 steps) as a yellow oil. Conversion to the corresponding hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group gave AMD8777 (73 mg, 91%) as a pale yellow solid (mixture of diastereomers). ¹H NMR (D₂O) two diastereomers δ 1.61-1.73 (br m, 1H), 1.94-2.22 (m, 3H), 2.65-2.81 (m) and 2.88-2.92 (m) and 2.97-3.16 (m) and 3.64 (br s) and 3.74-3.80 (m) (total 9H), 4.31-4.37 (m) and 4.32 (s) and 4.36 (s) (total 3H), 4.49 (s) and 4.54 (s) (total 2H), 7.14 (d, J=8.5 Hz) and 7.26-7.42 (m) (total 9H), 7.67-7.71 (m) and 7.75-7.81 (m) and 8.20 (d, J=9.7 Hz) and 8.25 (d, J=8.5 Hz) and 8.36 (d, J=6.0 Hz) and 8.54 (d, J=6.0 Hz) and 8.69 (br s) (total 7H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) two diastereomers δ 19.33, 20.18, 20.48, 20.54, 27.89, 36.86, 37.04, 49.00, 51.08, 51.24, 51.34, 52.17, 53.00, 54.83, 55.02, 57.58, 58.27, 62.69, 125.60, 125.73, 126.67, 126.73, 128.03, 128.10, 129.54, 129.62, 129.75, 130.12, 130.27, 130.94, 135.73, 139.22, 139.32, 139.38, 139.63, 140.40, 140.91, 143.48, 143.66, 146.69, 146.81, 147.75, 151.14, 151.73. ES-MS m/z 492 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₂H₃₇N₅.4.0HBr.3.7H₂O: C, 43.58; H, 5.53; N, 7.94; Br, 36.24. Found: C, 43.65; H, 5.23; N, 7.86; Br, 36.03.

Example 17 AMD8763: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using general procedure A: Reaction of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (215 mg, 0.47 mmol), 4(5)-imidazolecarboxaldehyde (105 mg, 1.09 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride overnight gave the corresponding reductive amination product (145 mg, 59%) as a clear foam.

Using General Procedures C and D: The intermediate from above (145 mg, 0.28 mmol) gave AMD8763 (170 mg, 68%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.72-1.78 (br m, 1H), 2.07-2.18 (br m, 2H), 2.27-2.32 (br m, 1H), 2.91 (br d, 2H, J=4.8 Hz), 3.78 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 3.83 (d, 1H, J=13.8 Hz), 4.00 (d, 1H, J=14.7 Hz), 4.08 (d, 1H, J=14.7 Hz), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.42 (m, 1H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 7.35 (s, 4H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.71 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 7.8 Hz), 7.96 (dd, 1H, J=6.9, 6.6 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.19 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.46-8.51 (m, 2H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.78 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz). ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.76, 20.49, 27.66, 46.78, 47.80, 51.61, 54.57, 59.34, 118.33, 125.48, 127.78, 128.10, 129.55, 130.64 and 130.69 (total 5 carbons), 134.27, 139.25, 139.54, 140.15, 144.72, 146.01, 146.50, 147.44, 151.97. ES-MS m/z 439 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₀N₆.4.5HBr.2.4H₂O.0.7CH₃CO₂H: C, 38.42; H, 4.78; N, 9.46; Br, 40.49. Found: C, 38.30; H, 4.78; N, 9.40; Br, 40.51.

Example 18 AMD8771: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-quinolinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using general Procedure A: Reaction of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (130 mg, 0.28 mmol) with 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde (95 mg, 0.61 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride overnight gave the corresponding reductive amination product (60 mg, 36%) as an orange foam.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (60 mg, 0.28 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to give the crude product. The solid was then re-dissolved in dry MeOH (1 mL) and precipitated with diethyl ether. The solid was washed by decantation with ether (3×20 mL) and the remaining traces of solvent were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure followed by drying in vacuo to afford AMD8771 (71 mg, 79%) as an orange solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.84-1.92 (br m, 1H), 2.19-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.51 (br m, 1H), 3.02 (br s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 3.81 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 3.88 (d, 1H, J=12.9 Hz), 4.18 (s, 2H), 4.54 (d, 1H, J=16.8 Hz), 4.72 (d, 1H, J=16.8 Hz), 4.75-4.79 (m, overlap with HOD, 1H), 6.97 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.20 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.69-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.95 (m, 2H), 8.03-8.11 (m, 3H), 8.18 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.37 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.66 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.75 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 8.83 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.47, 20.79, 27.96, 48.87, 50.32, 56.69, 56.83, 62.87, 119.83, 122.45, 126.06, 126.36, 126.49, 128.07, 129.52, 129.83, 130.17, 130.47 (2 carbons), 130.95 (2 carbons), 135.45, 137.25, 139.02, 139.77, 141.17, 142.98, 147.08, 147.45, 147.89, 148.18, 150.83, 157.51. ES-MS m/z 500 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₃H₃₃N₅.4.0HBr.3.1H₂O: C, 45.10; H, 4.89; N, 7.93; Br, 36.25. Found: C, 45.08; H, 4.95; N, 7.97; Br, 36.36.

Example 19 AMD8778: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-(2-naphthoyl)aminoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

N-2-(2-naphthoyl)ethanolamine

To a stirred solution of 2-naphthoic acid (665 mg, 3.87 mmol) and ethanolamine (0.24 mL, 3.87 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2 mL, 11.5 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (680 mg, 5.04 mmol) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide HCl (EDC) (1.00 g, 5.22 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and brine (30 mL) and the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×25 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give the crude product as a white solid. Purification of the solid by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc) gave the title compound (660 mg, 79%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.71 (br s, 1H), 3.70 (q, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.89 (q, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 6.82 (br s, 1H), 7.51-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.90 (m, 4H), 8.31 (s, 1H).

Using General Procedure F: The alcohol from above (200 mg, 0.93 mmol) was then oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde using the Dess-Martin procedure with Dess-Martin periodinane (535 mg, 1.26 mmol) and used without further purification in the next step.

Using general Procedure A: Reaction of the aldehyde from above with N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (224 mg, 0.41 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride gave, following purification, the corresponding reductive amination product as an orange oil.

Using General Procedures C and D: Reaction of the oil with thiophenol gave the free base (63 mg, 28% over 2 steps) as a pale orange oil which was subsequently converted to the hydrobromide salt giving AMD8778 (93 mg, 89%) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.79-1.84 (br m, 1H), 2.11-2.22 (br m, 2H), 2.53-2.58 (br m, 1H), 2.88-2.97 (br m, 2H), 3.17 (t, 1H, J=10.8 Hz), 3.35-3.58 (m, 3H), 4.22-4.40 (br m, 4H), 4.50-4.66 (m, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 7.32 (br m, 1H), 7.59-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.75-7.82 (m, 5H), 7.91 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.98-8.09 (m, 4H), 8.30 (td, 1H, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz), 8.48 (br s, 1H), 8.78 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 14.44, 20.58, 27.42, 36.73, 50.82, 53.65, 54.60, 61.14, 65.92, 124.00, 124.55, 125.60, 125.74, 127.22, 127.94, 128.38, 128.38, 128.53, 128.62, 129.19, 130.51, 131.21 (2 carbons), 131.37 (2 carbons), 132.38, 132.96, 135.56, 136.48, 141.89, 141.95, 145.30, 146.96, 148.98, 149.84, 171.26. ES-MS m/z 556 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₆H₃₇N₅O.3.6HBr.3.8H₂O: C, 47.23; H, 5.31; N, 7.65; Br, 31.42. Found: C, 47.18; H, 5.10; N, 7.53; Br, 31.47.

Example 20 AMD8781: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(S)-(2-acetylamino-3-phenyl)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (hydrobromide salt of the low polarity diastereomer)

N-Acetyl-L-Phenylalaninal

To a stirred solution of L-phenylalaninol (228 mg, 1.51 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added acetic anhydride (0.15 mL, 1.59 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and washed with 1 N HCL (15 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL) and brine (15 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel afforded the N-acetylated alcohol (220 mg, 75%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.95 (s, 3H), 2.87 (d, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.17 (br s, 1H), 3.56-3.68 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.21 (m, 1H), 5.97 (br d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 7.20-7.34 (m, 5H). The alcohol was then oxidized according to the general Dess-Martin procedure and the crude aldehyde used without further purification.

Reaction of N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (268 mg, 0.58 mmol) and crude N-acetyl-L-phenylalaninal gave the desired product (196 mg, 53%) as a mixture of diastereomers. The diastereomers were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4) followed by preparative thin layer chromatography (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5) a low polarity diastereomer (73 mg) and a high polarity diastereomer (50 mg), each as a clear oil.

Using general procedure D: The low polarity diastereomer (73 mg, 0.12 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to afford AMD8781 (84 mg, 85%) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O): low polarity diastereomer: δ 1.64-1.69 (br m, 1H), 1.83 (br s, 3H), 1.94-2.24 (m, 3H), 2.67-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.84 (br m, 3H), 2.92-3.00 (m, 1H), 3.40 (d, 1H, J=13.8 Hz), 4.02-4.13 (br m, 1H), 4.38-4.42 (br s, 5H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 7.23-7.37 (m, 5H), 7.45-7.55 (br m, 5H), 7.76-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.84 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.28 (t, 1H, J=8.0), 8.49 (br d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.70 (d, 1H, J=4.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.32, 20.46, 22.21, 27.44, 37.47, 48.46, 49.26, 51.40, 54.74, 55.60, 61.44, 125.11, 127.23, 127.37, 127.56, 129.33 (2 carbons), 129.55 (2 carbons), 131.22 (2 carbons), 131.44 (2 carbons), 131.57, 134.44, 137.26, 137.40, 141.80, 144.74, 145.01, 145.75, 146.88, 149.53, 175.66. ES-MS m/z 534 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₄H₃₉N₅O.3.8HBr.2.9H₂O: C, 45.71; H, 5.48; N, 7.84; Br, 33.99. Found: C, 45.74; H, 5.52; N, 7.71; Br, 34.06.

Example 21 AMD8782: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(S)-(2-acetylamino-3-phenyl)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (hydrobromide salt of the high polarity diastereomer)

Using general procedure D: The high polarity diastereomer from above (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to afford AMD8782 (37 mg, 55%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O): high polarity diastereomer: δ 1.65-1.69 (br m, 1H), 1.85-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 2.02-2.08 (br m, 1H), 2.26-2.29 (br m, 1H), 2.56-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.82 (br m, 2H), 3.17-3.22 (br m, 2H), 3.77-3.83 (m, 1H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.55 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 4.64 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 7.01 (d, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 7.16-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.49 (s, 4H), 7.49-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.93-8.01 (m, 2H), 8.44-8.49 (m, 2H), 8.76 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.41, 20.67, 22.28, 27.38, 38.53, 47.93, 51.20, 51.52, 56.42, 56.51, 56.79, 125.31, 127.37, 127.60, 127.84, 129.17 (2 carbons), 129.47 (2 carbons), 131.10 and 131.22 (total 5 carbons), 137.41, 137.35, 137.49, 143.07, 143.54, 145.11, 145.97, 146.31, 149.93, 175.01. ES-MS m/z 534 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₄H₃₉N₅O.3.8HBr.2.7H₂O: C, 45.89; H, 5.46; N, 7.87; Br, 34.12. Found: C, 45.95; H, 5.56; N, 7.70; Br, 34.01.

Example 22 AMD8788: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[3-((2-naphthalenylmethyl)amino)propyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of 3-amino-1-propanol (0.43 mL, 5.56 mmol) and 2-naphthaldehyde (787 mg, 5.05 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (460 mg, 7.3 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 17 h. The resultant crude yellow oil was then stirred with di-t-butyl dicarbonate (1.20 g, 5.60 mmol) in wet THF (40 mL) for 1 hour. After work-up, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexanes/EtOAc, 3:1) to give 3-[N-t-butyloxycarbonyl[N-(2-naphthalenylmethyl)]amino]propanol (1.50 g, 60% over 2 steps) as a clear oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.49 (br s, 9H), 1.65 (br s, 1H), 3.46-3.49 (br m, 2H), 3.58-3.63 (br m, 2H), 3.75-3.78 (m, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.47-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.84 (m, 3H).

Using general procedure F: The alcohol (230 mg, 0.73 mmol) was oxidized in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) with Dess Martin periodinane (370 mg, 0.87 mmol) for 20 min to give the crude aldehyde which was used without further purification in the next step.

To a solution of N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (260 mg, 0.57 mmol) and the crude naphthyl aldehyde from above in MeOH (15 mL) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (62 mg, 0.98 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 16 h. After work-up, the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4) give the desired intermediate (230 mg, 53%) as a colorless oil.

Using general procedure D: the oil from above (125 mg, 0.17 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group and the solid that formed was re-precipitated from methanol/ether to give AMD8788 (126 mg, 83%) as a beige solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.58-1.63 (br m, 1H), 1.81-2.04 (br m, 4H), 2.13-2.22 (br m, 1H), 2.71-2.75 (br m, 2H), 2.84-3.11 (br m, 4H), 3.89 (d, 1H, J=13.2. Hz), 3.99 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.22-4.27 (m, 1H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 4.36 (s, 2H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 7.36-7.51 (m, 8H), 7.75-8.02 (m, 7H), 8.31 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.45 (dd, 1H, J=12.0, 7.0 Hz), 8.75 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.32 (2 carbons), 23.31, 27.35, 44.34, 47.69, 48.78, 51.15, 51.58, 55.10, 60.32, 125.04, 126.91, 127.55, 127.86 (2 carbons), 128.21 (2 carbons), 128.40, 129.56, 130.19, 130.87, 131.05 (2 carbons), 131.33 (2 carbons), 133.10, 133.46, 135.48, 137.50, 143.06, 143.32, 144.55, 145.79, 146.72, 146.90, 150.08. ES-MS m/z 556 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₇H₄₁N₅.4.8HBr.2.2H₂O: C, 45.17; H, 5.14; N, 7.12; Br, 38.99. Found: C, 45.16; H, 5.25; N, 6.87; Br, 39.16.

Example 23 AMD8733 and AMD8734: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(S)-pyrollidinylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of N-Boc-L-prolinol ((S)-N-BOC-pyrrolidinemethanol) (402 mg, 2.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added TPAP (70 mg, 0.2 mmol), NMO (351 mg, 3.0 mmol) and 4 A molecular sieves (1 g). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for one hour. Following filtration of the material through celite, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (10% methanol in dichloromethane) to afford the corresponding aldehyde (320 mg, 80%).

The N-BOC-prolinal (320 mg, 1.6 mmol) from above was then dissolved in methanol (12 mL) to which, N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (360 mg, 0.80 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour, then sodium cyanoborohydride (113 mg, 1.80 mmol) was added (see general procedure A). Following work-up, the crude intermediate was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in dichloromethane) to give two diastereomeric products, in yields of 80 mg (16%) and 64 mg (13%) respectively.

Using general procedure D: the two diastereomeric products were converted to their corresponding hydrobromide salts with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to give 62 mg of AMD8733 and 41 mg of AMD8734, respectively.

AMD8733: ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.61-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.94-2.29 (m, 6H), 2.85 (br s, 2H), 3.06 (d, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.32 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.80 (br s, 2H), 3.80 (m, 1H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 4.33 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 3.6 Hz), 4.43 (s, 2H), 7.33 (m, 4H), 7.67 (m, 3H), 8.13 (m, 2H), 8.34 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.78 (d, 1H, J=4.3 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.83, 20.79, 23.31, 27.78, 28.52, 45.65, 49.43, 51.05, 53.94, 56.01, 58.99, 61.20, 125.37, 126.00, 126.17, 130.11, 130.70, 130.79, 136.36, 139.07, 138.33, 140.14, 142.27, 147.41, 147.52, 151.62. ES-MS m/z 442 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₅N₅.4.6 HBr.4.8H₂O.1.0 AcOH: C, 37.52; H, 5.58; N, 7.29; Br, 38.27. Found: C, 37.19; H, 5.26; N, 7.30; Br, 38.39.

AMD8734: ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.61 (dd, 1H, J=12.9, 8.4 Hz), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.94 (qi, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.03 (m, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 2.75 (dd, 1H, J=14.7, 10.2 Hz), 2.92 (m, 1H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.23 (dd, 1H, 7.5, 3.9 Hz), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 1H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 4.41 (m, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 7.41 (br s, 4H), 7.79 (m, 3H), 8.25 (m, 2H), 8.50 (d, 1H, 4.1 Hz), 8.77 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 14.50, 19.36, 20.48, 20.79, 22.32, 27.67, 27.84, 45.12, 48.80, 51.34, 51.85, 54.94, 58.16, 58.90, 125.62, 126.86, 130.22, 130.90, 139.34, 139.54, 140.69, 144.02, 146.41, 147.48, 147.67, 151.87. ES-MS m/z 442 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₅N₅.4.8HBr.3.6H₂O.1.0 AcOH: C, 37.73; H, 5.38; N, 7.33. Found: C, 37.89; H, 5.41; N, 7.36.

Example 24 AMD8756: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(R)-pyrollidinylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

In a similar manner to the procedure described above, (R)-pyrrolidinemethanol gave two diastereomeric products, 111 mg and 58 mg, respectively. The less-polar diastereomer (111 mg) was then converted to the corresponding hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to give AMD8756 (81 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.61-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.94-2.29 (m, 6H), 2.85 (br s, 2H), 3.06 (d, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.32 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.80 (br s, 2H), 3.80 (m, 1H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 4.33 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 3.6 Hz), 4.43 (s, 2H), 7.33 (m, 4H), 7.67 (m, 3H), 8.13 (m, 2H), 8.34 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.78 (d, 1H, J=4.3 Hz); ³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.94, 20.63, 23.30, 27.86, 28.62, 45.80, 48.62, 51.42, 54.04, 56.05, 59.12, 61.08, 125.47, 127.15, 127.24, 129.96, 130.83, 130.93, 139.19, 139.49, 140.20, 144.72, 146.06, 147.13, 147.51, 151.62. ES-MS m/z 442 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₅N₅.3.9 HBr.4.2H₂O: C, 40.38; H, 5.72; N, 8.41; Br, 37.42. Found: C, 40.38; H, 5.53; N, 8.17; Br, 37.55.

Example 25 AMD8799: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[3-pyrazolylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using general procedure A: Reaction of 3-pyrazolecarboxaldehyde (85 mg, 0.88 mmol) and N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (320 mg, 0.589 mmol) with sodium cyanoborohydride (55 mg, 0.883 mmol) followed by purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in dichloromethane), gave the desired product (166 mg, 45%).

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above was reacted with thiophenol (0.17 mL, 1.67 mmol) and potassium carbonate (290 mg, 2.09 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL). After work-up, the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (10% methanol in dichloromethane) to give the free base of the desired product (108 mg, 59%). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8799 (88 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.72 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H), 3.30, 3.63 (s, total of 1H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 4.10 (d, 1H, J=15.3 Hz), 4.20 (d, 1H, J=15.3 Hz), 4.29 (s, 2H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 6.56 (br s, 1H), 7.26 (s, 4H), 7.59 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.80 (m, 3H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.11 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 5.3 Hz), 8.56 (d, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 8.81 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.10, 27.59, 48.05, 48.65, 51.47, 55.34, 60.11, 107.27, 125.36, 126.97, 130.97, 133.61, 138.99, 141.33, 144.51, 146.20, 147.32, 150.96. ES-MS m/z 439 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₀N₆.5.3 HBr.1.3H₂O.1.4 HOAc: C, 36.46; H, 4.69; N, 8.98; Br, 45.26. Found: C, 36.57; H, 5.00; N, 9.13; Br, 45.11.

Example 26 AMD8728: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-pyrrolylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.229 g, 0.420 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (4.2 mL, concentration ˜0.1 M), at room temperature, was added pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.0960 g, 1.00 mmol, ˜2 equiv.) as a solid in one portion. Once the aldehyde had dissolved (˜5 minutes), NaBH₃CN (0.106 g, 1.68 mmol, ˜4 equiv.) was added in one portion and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for 115 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) and 1.0M NaOH (10 mL) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, eluant 25:1 CH₂Cl₂-MeOH) provided the desired intermediate (0.178 g, 68%) as a white solid.

To a stirred solution of the solid from above (0.178 g, 0.286 mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN (5.5 mL, concentration ˜0.05 M), at room temperature, was added thiophenol (0.15 mL, 1.461 mmol, ˜5 equiv.) followed by powdered K₂CO₃ (0.331 g, 2.40 mmol, ˜8 equiv.). The resultant bright yellow solution was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and water (1 mL) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (20:1 CH₂Cl₂-MeOH) afforded AMD8728 (0.085 g, 68%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.57-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.84-2.14 (m, 3H), 2.40 (br s, 1H, NH), 2.64-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.89 (m, 1H), 3.58 (d, 1H, J=14.1 Hz), 3.66 (s, 2H), 3.77 (d, 1H, J=14.1 Hz), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 5.20 (br s, 1H), 6.09 (dd, 1H, J=3.0, 3.0 Hz), 6.79 (dd, 1H, J=3.0, 3.0 Hz), 7.07 (dd, 1H, J=12.3, 4.8 Hz), 7.14 (dd, 1H, J=6.0, 4.8 Hz), 7.25-7.41 (m, 6H), 7.62 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.8 Hz), 8.53 (m, 2H), 10.78 (br s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 21.21, 24.06, 29.48, 47.33, 53.69, 54.11, 54.89, 59.21, 105.98, 107.78, 117.16, 122.14, 122.35, 122.79, 128.55 (2 carbons), 129.14 (2 carbons), 131.21, 134.84, 136.86, 137.25, 138.91, 139.44, 147.37, 149.68, 158.62, 160.15. ES-MS m/z 438 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₁N₅.0.8CH₃OH: C, 74.68; H, 7.44; N, 15.12. Found: C, 74.93; H, 7.33; N, 15.12.

Example 27 AMD8836: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-thiopheneylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.280 g, 0.610 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (6 mL), at room temperature, was added thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde (0.25 mL, 2.67 mmol) followed by NaBH₃CN (0.081 g, 1.30 mmol) and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature. After 1 day, an additional amount of NaBH₃CN (0.083 g, 1.31 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for an additional 3 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) and water (10 mL) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 40:1 CH₂Cl₂-MeOH) provided 0.173 g of the desired amine as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the oil from above was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to afford AMD8836 (0.225 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.60-1.76 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.85 (m, 2H), 4.09 (d, 1H J=13.5 Hz), 4.16 (d, 1H J=13.5 Hz), 4.29 (d, 1H J=14.4 Hz), 4.39 (d, 1H J=14.4 Hz), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.46 (dd, 1H J=7.8, 5.7 Hz), 4.61 (s, 2H), 6.99 (dd, 1H J=3.6, 4.8 Hz), 7.16 (d, 1H J=3.0 Hz), 7.41-7.52 (m, 6H), 7.87-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.97 (d, 1H J=8.1 Hz), 8.39-8.44 (m, 2H), 8.75 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.29, 20.43, 27.49, 48.27, 50.14, 51.48, 54.64, 59.65, 124.97, 127.31, 127.47, 127.93, 128.24, 130.27, 130.72, 130.91 (2 carbons), 131.18 (2 carbons), 136.31, 136.65, 138.00, 142.77, 143.56, 145.29, 145.52, 146.75, 150.92; ES-MS m/z 455 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₀N₄S.4.0HBr.1.9H₂O: C, 41.39; H, 4.69; N, 6.90; Br, 39.34; S, 3.95. Found: C, 41.45; H, 4.72; N, 6.90; Br, 39.30; S, 3.87.

Example 28 AMD8841: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-thiazolylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.295 g, 0.643 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (6.5 mL), at room temperature, was added thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.33 mL, 3.76 mmol) followed by NaBH₃CN (0.131 g, 2.09 mmol) and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature. After 2 days, an additional amount of NaBH₃CN (0.134 g, 2.10 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for an additional 4 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and water (10 mL) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 40:1 CH₂Cl₂-MeOH containing 1% NH₄OH) afforded 0.164 g of the protected amine as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the oil from above was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to provide AMD8841 (0.178 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.71-1.79 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.95 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 4.37 (d, 1H J-16.5 Hz), 4.43-4.58 (m, 4H), 7.37 (d, 2H J=8.1 Hz), 7.43 (d, 2H J=8.1 Hz), 7.74-7.89 (m, 5H), 8.22-8.32 (m, 2H), 8.56 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 8.71 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.38, 20.52, 27.75, 48.69, 51.32, 51.99, 55.52, 59.93, 123.57, 125.78, 126.91, 126.97, 130.16, 130.76 (2 carbons), 130.97 (2 carbons), 136.70, 138.74, 139.68, 140.66, 144.22, 146.28, 147.37, 147.73, 151.26, 173.19. ES-MS m/z 456 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₂₉N₅S.3.9HBr.1.9H₂O: C, 40.27; H, 4.59; N, 8.70; Br, 38.69; S, 3.98. Found: C, 40.40; H, 4.59; N, 8.43; Br, 38.53; S, 3.92.

Example 29 AMD8821: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-furanylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.206 g, 0.449 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (10 mL), at room temperature, was added furfural (0.19 mL, 2.29 mmol) followed by NaBH₃CN (0.070 g, 1.11 mmol) and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and 1.0 M aqueous NaOH (10 mL) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography silica gel (25:1 CH₂Cl₂-MeOH) provided 0.103 g of the protected amine as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the oil from above was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to afford AMD8821 (0.086 g) as a purple solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.67-1.78 (m, 1H), 2.06-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.83 (br d, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 4.11-4.24 (m, 4H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 4.44 (dd, 1H, J=10.5, 6.0 Hz), 4.58 (s, 2H), 6.30 (br s, 1H), 6.46 (d, 1H, J=3.3 Hz), 7.40-7.55 (m, 6H), 7.81-7.91 (m, 3H), 8.34 (br t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.41 (br d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.72 (br d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.27, 20.51, 27.45, 47.90, 48.73, 51.35, 55.29, 60.21, 111.34, 112.65, 124.70, 126.85, 126.90, 130.87 (3 carbons), 131.16 (2 carbons), 136.11, 137.50, 142.80, 143.15, 144.10, 144.52, 146.31, 147.44, 147.69, 150.91. ES-MS m/z 439 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₀N₄O.3.9HBr.3.1H₂O: C, 41.52; H, 4.99; N, 6.92; Br, 38.47. Found: C, 41.55; H, 4.88; N, 6.73; Br, 38.42.

Example 30 AMD8742: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(phenylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using general procedure A: N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (143 mg, 0.32 mmol), N-(t-butyloxycarbony)-N-benzylaminoacetaldehyde (150 mg, 0.60 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (50 mg, 0.79 mmol) were reacted in MeOH (3 mL). Evaporation of the solvent and purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (30:70, EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired intermediate (110 mg, 51%) as yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (110 mg, 0.16 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to give AMD8742 (96 mg). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.79-1.89 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.09 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.99 (m, 3H), 3.07-3.16 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.79 (d, 1H, J=12.3 Hz), 3.85 (d, 1H, J=12.3 Hz), 4.22 (s, 2H), 4.32-4.35 (b, 2H), 4.37-4.44 (b, 3H), 7.41-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.55-7.59 (b, 5H), 7.67-7.70 (m 3H), 7.86 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.98-8.00 (m, 1H), 8.31-8.33 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.70-8.72 (b, 1H), 8.76 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 21.26, 21.97, 29.11, 46.88, 50.78 (b), 52.31, 52.73, 56.37, 60.40, 126.36 (b), 126.94, 130.64, 131.15, 131.82, 132.17, 132.59, 140.58, 141.48, 141.60, 141.65 (b), 148.71, 149.23 (b), 151.29 (b), 153.39. ES-MS m/z 492.4 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₂H₃₇N₅.4.0HBr.3.0H₂O: C, 44.21; H, 5.45; N, 8.06; Br, 36.76. Found: C, 44.33; H, 5.54; N, 7.95; Br, 36.89.

Example 31 AMD8743: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-aminoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using general procedure A: N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (179 mg, 0.39 mmol), N-Boc-aminoacetaldehyde (120 mg, 0.75 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (55 mg, 0.88 mmol) were reacted in MeOH (3 mL). Evaporation of the solvent and purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 30:70 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired intermediate (200 mg, 85%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (200 mg, 0.33 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to give AMD8743 (150 mg). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.81-1.87 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.87-3.17 (m, 5H), 3.23-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.83 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 3.87-3.92 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.42-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.60-4.63 (m, 2H), 7.57 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.70 (d, 2H, J=7.8), 7.85-7.98 (m, 3H), 8.33 (dd, 2H, J=1.2, 8.1 Hz), 8.79-8.81 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 19.24, 20.00, 27.18, 37.29, 50.66, 54.34, 58.34, 124.95, 125.82 (b), 129.50, 130.17, 130.37, 138.71, 139.66, 145.00 (b), 146.72, 151.44; ES-MS m/z 402.3 (M+H); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₃₁N₅.4.3HBr.2.6H₂O: C, 37.71; H, 5.13; N, 8.79; Br, 43.15. Found: C, 37.80; H, 5.03; N, 8.61; Br, 43.11.

Example 32 AMD8753: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-3-pyrrolidinyl-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To the solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (195 mg, 0.43 mmol) and N-Boc-3-pyrrolidone (91 mg, 0.49 mmol) in methanol (3 ml) was added trimethylorthoformate (2 ml) and three drops of acetic acid, at room temperature. This mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min. at room temperature and sodium cyanoborohydride (130 mg, 2.09 mmol) was added. Stirring was continued for a further 18 hours at room temperature and then the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (300 mL), and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, then dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 50:50 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired product (120 mg, 45%) as a mixture of diastereomers.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (120 mg, 0.19 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to give AMD8753 (45 mg) as a mixture of diastereomers. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.73-1.83 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.49 (m, 3H); 2.91 (b, 2H), 3.26-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.83-4.02 (m, 3H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 4.33-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.50 (d, 2H, J=7.8), 7.67-7.70 (b, 1H), 7.79-7.84 (b, 2H), 8.15-8.18 (b, 1H), 8.25-8.28 (b, 1H), 8.37-8.39 (b, 1H), 8.72-8.74 (b, 1H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.76, 21.96, 27.58, 28.77, 44.80, 45.18, 46.72 (b), 47.79, 49.08, 50.34, 50.60, 51.28, 58.11, 58.61, 61.00 (b), 125.37, 126.60, 129.95, 130.67, 138.97, 139.79, 139.99, 144.20 (b), 146.98 (b), 147.36, 152.48; ES-MS m/z 428.20 (M+H); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₃N₅.3.8HBr.2H₂O.0.4C₂H₄O₂: C, 42.00; H, 5.37; N, 8.81; Br, 38.19. Found: C, 42.10; H, 5.47; N, 8.76; Br, 37.97.

Example 33 AMD8754: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-4-piperidinyl-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Reaction of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (215 mg, 0.47 mmol), N-Boc-4-piperidone (188 mg, 0.94 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (119 mg, 1.89 mmol) in a mixture of methanol (3 ml), trimethylorthoformate (2 ml) and three drops of acetic acid, followed by evaporation of the solvent and purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 50:50 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired intermediate (205 mg, 67%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (205 mg, 0.32 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to give AMD8754 (120 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.85-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.50 (d, 1H, J=13.8 Hz), 2.91-2.93 (m, 2H), 3.06 (t, 2H, J=12.3 Hz), 3.23 (t, 1H, J=11.4 Hz), 3.58 (t, 2H, J=14.9 Hz), 3.97 (d, 1H, J=13.8 Hz), 4.03 (d, 1H, J=13.8 Hz), 4.32 (s, 2H), 4.44-4.47 (m 3H), 7.38 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.46 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.62-7.72 (m, 3H), 8.10 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.12-8.16 (m, 1H), 8.39 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 8.68 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.97, 24.08, 27.01, 27.48, 28.13, 44.42, 49.71, 50.32, 51.08, 57.31, 57.72, 125.22, 125.92, 130.03, 130.63, 130.72, 139.27, 139.49, 139.66, 142.50, 146.61, 147.50, 153.20; ES-MS m/z 442.2 (M+H); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₅N₅.3.8HBr.3.8H₂O: C, 42.06; H, 5.60; N, 8.76; Br, 37.98. Found: C, 42.20; H, 5.57; N, 8.59; Br, 37.76.

Example 34 AMD8784: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(phenyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Reaction of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (174 mg, 0.38 mmol), 2-[N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-phenyl]acetaldehyde (165 mg, 0.66 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (70 mg, 1.11 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) followed by evaporation of the solvent and purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 30:70 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired product (220 mg, 86%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (220 mg, 0.32 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to give AMD8784 (120 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.73-1.83 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.91-3.04 (m, 3H), 3.16-3.24 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.78 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 3.85 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 4.32 (s, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.39-4.44 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.36-7.44 (m, 7H), 7.63-7.71 (m, 3H), 8.09-8.17 (m, 2H), 8.44 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 8.64 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz);

¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.11, 20.44, 27.65, 47.49, 48.20, 49.48, 51.14, 54.71, 59.89, 121.59, 125.54, 126.00, 126.15, 128.88, 130.10, 130.70, 130.91, 135.96, 138.46, 139.89, 140.24, 142.17, 146.60, 147.65, 148.55, 151.37; ES-MS m/z 478.3 (M+H);

Anal. Calcd. for C₃₁H₃₅N₅.3.4HBr.2.8H₂O: C, 46.36; H, 5.52; N, 8.72; Br, 33.82. Found: C, 46.15; H, 5.30; N, 8.55; Br, 34.11.

General Procedure G: Reductive Amination Using Trimethyl Orthoformate

To a stirred solution of the amine (1 equivalent) in anhydrous methanol (concentration ˜0.1 M), at room temperature, was added the carbonyl compound (1.4 equiv.), trimethyl orthoformate (one half the volume of methanol), and a catalytic amount of acetic acid. Once the carbonyl had dissolved (˜30 minutes), NaBH₃CN (3.9 equiv.) was added in one portion and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for the indicated time. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL/mmol of amine) and aqueous NaHCO₃ (10 mL/mmol amine) solution was added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL/mmol amine). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified by chromatography.

General Procedure H: Enamide Formation

To a stirred solution of the carbonyl compound (1 equivalent) in anhydrous toluene (concentration ˜0.3 M), at room temperature, was added the amide (2-3 equiv.), Amberlyst 15 (50% weight of the carbonyl compound), and 4 Å molecular sieves. The resultant solution was heated up to reflux for the indicated time. The mixture was filtered and the resin was washed with toluene (6 mL/mmol carbonyl compound). The combined solution was heated to 60° C. and 1% aqueous NaHCO₃ (12 mL/mmol carbonyl compound) solution was added to the residue. The phases were separated and the organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified by chromatography.

General Procedure I: Alkylation Reaction 2-[(2-nitrobenzenesulfonylamino)methyl]pyridine with Benzylic Bromides.

To a stirred solution of the bromide (1 equiv.) in anhydrous MeCN (concentration ˜0.1 M), at room temperature, was added the 2-[(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl amino)methyl]pyridine (1-1.2 equiv.), K₂CO₃ (2 equiv.). The resultant solution was stirred at 60° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for the indicated time. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL/mmol amide) was added to the residue. The solution was filtered through celite, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by chromatography.

Example 35 AMD8759: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure G: 7-methoxy-2-tetralone (60 mg, 0.34 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (100 mg, 0.24 mmol) and NaBH₃CN (59 mg, 0.94 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL), trimethyl orthoformate (1.7 mL) and acetic acid (3 drops) were reacted for 3.5 hours. Following work-up, the crude material was purified by chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 98:1:1) to give the desired product (71 mg, 52%) as a yellow foam.

Using general Procedure D: the foam from above (65 mg, 0.11 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (35 μL, 0.34 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (78 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DMF (1.1 mL). The crude product was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 23:1:1) to give AMD8759 (25 mg, 57%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.64-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.95 (s, 2H), 2.05-2.09 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.83 (m, 3H), 2.96-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.67-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.99 (d, 2H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.16-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.61-7.64 (m, 1H), 8.56 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 27.49, 30.11, 37.36, 51.24, 53.07, 53.62, 54.89, 55.65, 112.53, 114.27, 122.31, 122.73, 128.61 (2 carbons), 128.78 (2 carbons), 129.89, 136.79 (2 carbons), 139.27, 139.63, 149.71 (2 carbons), 157.97, 160.17. ES-MS m/z 388 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉N₃O.0.4H₂O: C, 76.07; H, 7.61; N, 10.65. Found: C, 76.09; H, 7.62; N, 10.55.

Example 36 AMD8762: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure G: 6-methoxy-2-tetralone (112 mg, 0.63 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (186 mg, 0.45 mmol) and NaBH₃CN (110 mg, 1.76 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (5 mL), trimethyl orthoformate (2.8 mL) and acetic acid (5 drops) were reacted for 3.5 hours. Purification of the crude material by chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 98:1:1) gave the desired product (102 mg, 40%) as a yellow foam.

Using General Procedure C: the intermediate from above (102 mg, 0.18 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (54 μL, 0.53 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (122 mg, 0.89 mmol) in DMF (1.7 mL) and the crude material was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 98:1:1) to give AMD8762 (51 mg, 74%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.63-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.83 (s, 2H), 2.04-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.79-3.00 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.63-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.15-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.32 (s, 3H), 7.61-7.63 (m, 1H), 8.56 (d, 1H, J=4.2 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 28.25, 29.47, 35.90, 50.86, 52.92, 53.22, 54.49, 55.22, 112.03, 113.25, 121.89, 122.32, 127.37, 128.19 (2 carbons), 128.36 (2 carbons), 130.15, 136.38, 137.34, 138.84, 139.33, 149.30, 157.66, 159.79. ES-MS m/z 388 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉N₃O.0.4H₂O: C, 76.07; H, 7.61; N, 10.65. Found: C, 76.14; H, 7.55; N, 10.64.

Example 37 AMD8770: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure. G: 1-methyl-2-tetralone (109 mg, 0.68 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (200 mg, 0.48 mmol) and NaBH₃CN (118 mg, 1.87 mmol) were reacted in a mixture of MeOH (5 mL), trimethyl orthoformate (2.8 mL) and acetic acid (5 drops) for 48.5 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 98:1:1) gave the product (41 mg, 15%) as a yellow foam.

Using General Procedure C: the intermediate from above (65 mg, 0.12 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (36 μL, 0.35 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (81 mg, 0.59 mmol) in DMF (1.2 mL). The crude product was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 23:1:1) to give AMD8770 (25 mg, 57%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.22 (d, 3H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.30 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 179-1.86 (m, 3H), 2.84-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.11-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.84 (s, 4H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 7.09-7.18 (m, 6H), 7.26-7.33 (m, 4H), 7.63-7.64 (m, 1H), 8.56 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 17.30, 24.77, 29.05, 36.82, 51.16, 53.66, 54.91, 56.00, 122.35, 122.77, 126.06, 126.20, 128.63 (2 carbons), 128.79 (2 carbons), 129.18, 129.85, 135.96, 136.83, 139.23, 139.82, 142.28, 149.74, 160.19. ES-MS m/z 372 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉N₃.0.4H₂O: C, 79.28; H, 7.93; N, 11.09. Found: C, 79.42, H, 7.99; N, 10.70.

Example 38 AMD8790: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalenyl)-1-(aminomethyl)-4-benzamide

Using General Procedure H: 7-methoxy-2-tetralone (300 mg, 1.71 mmol) and α-bromo-p-toluic amide (732 mg, 3.42 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) containing Amberlyst 15 (150 mg) and 4 Å molecular sieve (600 mg) were reacted for 24 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂) and recrystallisation (EtOAc) gave the desired product (90 mg, 14%) as yellow crystals.

Using General Procedure I: Reaction of the intermediate from above (90 mg, 0.24 mmol) with 2-[2-nitrobenzenesulfonylamino)methyl]pyridine (85 mg, 0.29 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (66 mg, 0.48 mmol) in MeCN (3 mL) for 24 hours, followed by purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:/MeOH 99:1) gave the desired product (85 mg, 61%) as a yellow foam.

Using general procedure C: Reaction of the foam (65 mg, 0.12 mmol) with thiophenol (45 μL, 0.44 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (100 mg, 0.73 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) followed by purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH 24:1) gave AMD8790 (31 mg, 53%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 2.57 (t, 2H, J=7.9 Hz), 2.81 (t, 2H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.61-6.62 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.31-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.78-7.85 (m, 3H), 8.50 (br s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 28.47, 28.66, 53.89, 54.96, 56.04, 112.45, 113.03, 114.54, 124.23 (2 carbons), 124.58 (2 carbons), 127.02, 129.21 (2 carbons), 130.04 (2 carbons), 135.51, 137.54, 138.62, 139.15, 145.08, 150.26, 160.40, 169.12. ES-MS m/z 400 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₅N₃O₂.0.5H₂O: C, 73.51; H, 6.42; N, 10.29. Found: C, 73.48, H, 6.42; N, 9.89.

Example 39 AMD8805: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalenyl)-1-(aminomethyl)-4-benzamide

Using general procedure H: 6-methoxy-2-tetralone (300 mg, 1.71 mmol) and α-bromo-p-toluic amide (1.1 g, 5.11 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) containing Amberlyst 15 (150 mg) and 4 Å molecular sieve (1 g) were reacted for 24 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired product (237 mg, 38%) as yellow crystal.

Using general procedure I: the intermediate from above (237 mg, 0.64 mmol) was reacted with 2-[(2-nitrobenzenesulfonylamino)methyl]pyridine (186 mg, 0.64 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (177 mg, 1.28 mmol) in MeCN (6.6 mL) for 24 hours. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/Hexane 7:3) to give the desired product (310 mg, 83%) as a yellow foam.

Using general procedure C: The foam (310 mg, 0.53 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (163 μL, 1.59 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (366 mg, 2.65 mmol) in DMF (5.3 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH 24:1) afforded AMD8805 (170 mg, 81%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 2.58 (t, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 2.88 (t, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 6.68-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.05 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.83-7.86 (m, 3H), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=4.2 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 28.47, 28.66, 48.87, 50.91, 54.54, 120.31, 125.88, 126.28, 126.41 (2 carbons), 127.57, 128.29, 129.45 (2 carbons), 130.80 (2 carbons), 131.74 (2 carbons), 131.92, 132.10, 134.36, 142.97, 147.00, 147.86, 169.12. ES-MS m/z 400 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₅N₃O₂.0.6H₂O: C, 73.18; H, 6.44; N, 10.24. Found: C, 73.33, H, 6.41; N, 10.27.

Example 40 AMD8902: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using general procedure G: Reaction of 7-methoxy-2-tetralone (299 mg, 1.70 mmol) and N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (500 mg, 1.21 mmol) with NaBH₃CN (296 mg, 4.72 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (15 mL), trimethyl orthoformate (8.5 mL) and acetic acid (15 drops) for 3.5 hours followed by purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 98:1:1) gave the desired product (520 mg, 75%) as a yellow foam.

The intermediate from above was reacted in a similar manner with 2-imidazole-carboxaldehyde and the corresponding imidazole intermediate (65 mg, 0.11 mmol) was deprotected (general procedure C) by reaction with thiophenol (35 μL, 0.34 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (78 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DMF (1.1 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 23:1:1) afforded AMD8902 (25 mg, 57%) as a yellow foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.64-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.95 (s, 2H), 2.05-2.09 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.83 (m, 3H), 2.96-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.67-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.99 (d, 2H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.16-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.61-7.64 (m, 1H), 8.56 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 27.49, 30.11, 37.36, 51.24, 53.07, 53.62, 54.89, 55.65, 112.53, 114.27, 122.31, 122.73, 128.61 (2 carbons), 128.78 (2 carbons), 129.89, 136.79 (2 carbons), 139.27, 139.63, 149.71 (2 carbons), 157.97, 160.17. ES-MS m/z 388 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉N₃O.0.4H₂O: C, 76.07; H, 7.61; N, 10.65. Found: C, 76.09; H, 7.62; N, 10.55.

Example 41 AMD8863: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Following the procedure of Manitto, P.; Speranza, G.; Monti, D.; Fontana, G. and Panosetti, E. (Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 51, 11531-11546): 8-hydroxy-2-tetralone was prepared from 7-methoxy-1-tetralone.

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine.

Using General Procedure B: Reaction of 8-hydroxy-2-tetralone (110 mg, 0.68 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (280 mg, 0.68 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (287 mg, 1.4 mmol) in a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and acetic acid (0.2 mL) for 18 hours gave, after work-up, ˜400 mg (quant. yield) of the title compound as a yellow foam.

Using general procedure C: the crude product from above (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (46 μL, 0.45 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (75 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded AMD8863 (35 mg, 52%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.59-1.66 (m, 1H), 2.01-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.38 (dd, 1H, J=16, 9 Hz), 2.77-3.08 (m, 4H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 6.47 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 6.60 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 6.89 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.17-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.29 (br s, 4H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.66 (dt, 1H, J=8, 1 Hz), 8.56 (br d, 1H, J=5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 28.3, 29.4, 30.4, 50.9, 52.9, 53.1, 53.9, 111.8, 119.8, 122.2, 122.8, 125.9, 128.3, 128.5, 136.8, 137.7, 138.3, 139.2, 148.9, 154.8, 159.3; ES-MS m/z 374 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₂₇N₃O.0.3H₂O: C, 76.19; H, 7.34; N, 11.11. Found: C, 76.21; H, 7.24; N, 10.96.

Example 42 AMD 8886: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General Procedure B: Reaction of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine (400 mg, 0.72 mmol), imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (138 mg, 1.4 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (457 mg, 2.2 mmol) in a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and acetic acid (0.5 mL) for 48 hours, followed by purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:1:1) afforded the desired intermediate (175 mg, 41%) as a yellow/green foam.

Using general procedure C: the intermediate from above (175 mg, 0.28 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (71 μL, 0.68 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (114 mg, 0.81 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). The crude material was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) to give AMD8886 (53 mg, 43%) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.62-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.53-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.96-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 2H), 3.70 (br s, 2H), 3.79-3.82 (m, 3H), 3.84-3.95 (m, 3H), 6.53-6.62 (m, 2H), 6.88 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 6.93 (s, 2H), 7.15-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.33 (m, 6H), 7.64 (dt, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 8.55 (br d, 1H, J=5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 25.0, 25.9, 30.0, 47.3, 53.1, 54.1, 54.2, 56.4, 111.9, 119.3, 122.1, 122.6, 123.4, 126.0, 128.4, 128.7, 136.6, 137.5, 138.5, 138.7, 147.9, 149.1, 155.6, 159.3. ES-MS m/z 454 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₁N₅O.0.9H₂O: C, 71.59; H, 7.04; N, 14.91. Found: C, 71.58; H, 6.76; N, 14.70.

Example 43 AMD8889: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Following the procedure of Nixon, J. A.; Pioch, R. P.; Schaus, J. M.; and Titus, R. D. (EP-A-0 343 830, Eli Lilly and Company): 8-fluoro-2-tetralone was prepared from o-fluorophenylacetic acid.

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Following General Procedure B: Reaction of 8-fluoro-2-tetralone (159 mg, 0.97 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (400 mg, 0.97 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (411 mg, 1.9 mmol) in a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and acetic acid (0.2 mL) for 18 hours followed by purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded the title compound (500 mg, 92%) as a yellow foam.

Using general procedure C: the intermediate from above (130 mg, 0.23 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (60 μL, 0.58 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (96 mg, 0.70 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded AMD8889 (46 mg, 43%) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.58-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.95 (br s, 2H), 2.00-2.09 (m, 1H), 2.48 (dd, 1H, J=17, 9 Hz), 2.73-3.00 (m, 3H), 3.11 (dd, 1H, J=17, 5 Hz), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 6.79-6.88 (m, 2H), 7.02-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.39 (m, 5H), 7.63 (dt, 1H, J=15, 2), 8.55-8.57 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 27.6, 28.9, 29.2, 50.7, 51.8, 53.1, 54.4, 111.8 (d, ²J_(C-F)=22 Hz), 121.8, 122.3, 122.7, 123.9, 126.4 (d, ³J_(C-F)=9 Hz), 128.1, 128.3, 136.3, 139.0 (d, ²J_(C-F)=22 Hz), 149.2, 159.7, 161.0 (d, J_(C-F)=244 Hz). ES-MS m/z 376 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆N₃F.0.1H₂O: C, 76.40; H, 7.00; N, 11.14. Found: C, 76.35; H, 7.02; N, 11.14.

Example 44 AMD8895: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(8-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using general procedure B: Reaction of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(8-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (450 mg, 0.81 mmol), imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (155 mg, 1.6 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (512 mg, 2.4 mmol) in a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and acetic acid (1.0 mL) for 72 hours, followed by purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) gave 400 mg (˜80% recovery) of a ˜1:1 mixture of starting material and product as a yellow foam.

Using general procedure C: the mixture from above (370 mg, ˜0.58 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (150 μL, 1.5 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (240 mg, 1.7 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:1:1) afforded AMD8895 (57 mg, 22%) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.59-1.72 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.88-3.05 (m, 3H), 3.76 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 3.79 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 6.77-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 2H), 7.02-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.15 (dd, 1H, J=7, 6 Hz), 7.27-7.31 (m, 6H), 7.63 (dt, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 8.55 (br d, 1H, J=4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 24.3, 25.2, 29.6, 47.8, 53.1, 54.3, 54.5, 55.4, 111.8 (d, ²J_(C-F)=22 Hz), 121.9, 122.3, 123.3, 123.5, 123.9, 126.5 (d, ³J_(C-F)=9 Hz), 128.4, 128.5, 136.4, 138.2, 138.7, 138.9 (d, ²J_(C-F)=25 Hz), 147.4, 149.3, 159.6, 161.0 (d, ²J_(C-F)=244 Hz). ES-MS m/z 456 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₀N₅F.0.3H₂O: C, 72.95; H, 6.69; N, 15.19. Found: C, 72.99; H, 6.86; N, 15.06.

Example 45 AMD8852: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

7-Amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline was prepared by the method of I. A. Cliffe et al. Tetrahedron letters 1991, 32, 6789-6792

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

Using General procedure B: Reaction of 7-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (72 mg, 0.47 mmol) and nosyl-protected Trevor aldehyde (200 mg, 0.49 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (206 mg, 0.98 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) for 18 hours gave, after workup, the crude product (260 mg, 98% yield) as a green foam. This was used without further purification in the next step.

Using general procedure C: The crude product from above (100 mg, ˜0.18 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (47 μL, 0.45 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (77 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded the corresponding free base (55 mg, 77%) of AMD8852. Using general procedure D: the free base was converted to the hydrobromide salt to give AMD8852 (94 mg, 89%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.66-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.98 (br s, 2H), 2.02-2.07 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.85 (m, 3H), 3.06-3.09 (m, 1H), 3.21 (dd, 1H, J=18, 6 Hz), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 7.01 (dd, 1H, J=8, 5 Hz), 7.13 (dd, 1H, J=7, 5 Hz), 7.26-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.61 (dt, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 8.33-8.34 (m, 1H), 8.53 (br d, 1H, J=5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 26.4, 28.7, 39.6, 50.7, 52.1, 53.1, 54.4, 121.0, 121.8, 122.3, 128.1, 128.3, 131.4, 136.2, 136.3, 138.8, 139.0, 147.0, 149.2, 155.6, 159.6. ES-MS m/z 359 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆N₄.4.1HBr.0.6H₂O.0.7C₂H₄O₂: C, 39.44; H, 4.62; N, 7.51; Br, 44.01. Found: C, 39.46; H, 4.80; N, 7.46; Br, 44.03.

Example 46 AMD8858: N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using general procedure B: Reaction of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (175 mg, 0.32 mmol), imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (155 mg, 1.6 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (137 mg, 0.64 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) for 8 hours at 60° C., followed by purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) gave the desired product (169 mg, 84%) as a yellow/green foam.

Using general procedure C: the intermediate from above (169 mg, 0.27 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (70 μL, 0.68 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (113 mg, 0.81 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH 20:2:1) afforded the free base (30 mg, 25%) which was subsequently converted to the hydrobromide salt using general procedure X to give AMD8858 (35 mg, 58%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.66-1.70 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.19 (M, 1H), 2.26 (br s, 1H), 2.66-2.83 (m, 2H), 3.01-3.12 (m, 3H), 3.64 (d, 1H, J=15 Hz), 3.77-3.82 (m, 3H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 6.92 (s, 2H), 7.01-7.03 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.34 (m, 6H), 7.62 (dt, 1H, J=8, 2 Hz), 8.31-8.33 (m, 1H), 8.52-8.54 (m, 1H), 9.68 (br s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 24.2, 28.1, 35.7, 47.8, 53.1, 54.2, 55.5, 55.7, 121.1, 121.9, 122.3, 128.4, 128.5, 131.4, 136.3, 136.4, 138.2, 139.1, 147.0, 147.3, 149.2, 156.1, 159.6. ES-MS m/z 429 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₀N₆.5.2HBr.0.2H₂O: C, 37.76; H, 4.23; N, 9.54; Br, 46.80. Found: C, 38.02; H, 4.53; N, 9.20; Br, 46.99.

Example 47 AMD8785: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-naphthalenylmethyl) amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of 3-amino-1,2-propanediol (1.50 g, 16.5 mmol) in dry MeOH (25 mL) was added 2-naphthaldehyde (1.50 g, 9.6 mmol) followed by sodium cyanoborohydride (1.02 g, 16.2 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with EtOAc (70 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (70 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL) and the combined organic layers were then washed with brine (75 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without further purification.

A solution of the crude amine (900 mg) in THF (20 mL) was treated with di-t-butyldicarbonate (1.02 g, 4.68 mmol) for 1 hour. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/hexanes, 1:1) to give the BOC-naphthyl-derivatized diol. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.49 (br s, 9H), 3.21-3.49 (m, 4H), 3.53 (br m, 2H), 3.72 (br s, 1H), 4.57-4.68 (br s, 2H), 7.36 (br d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.47-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.64 (s; 1H), 7.79-7.84 (m, 3H).

To a solution of the diol from above (705 mg, 2.13 mmol) in water/CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL, 1:1) was added sodium periodate (1.06 g, 4.96 mmol) and the mixture stirred vigourously for 3 hours. The reaction was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and washed with water (25 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude aldehyde was used without further purification in the next step.

To a solution of N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (260 mg, 0.57 mmol) and the crude aldehyde from above in MeOH (15 mL) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (88 mg, 1.4 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours. After work-up, the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 to 95:5) to give the desired intermediate (208 mg, 50%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the oil from above (38 mg, 0.05 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to give AMD8785 (37 mg, 83%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.67-1.75 (br m, 1H), 1.97-2.12 (br m, 2H), 2.26-2.30 (br m, 1H), 2.87-3.04 (m, 4H), 3.14-3.18 (br d, 2H, J=10.5 Hz), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.76 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 3.91 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.13-4.28 (m, 5H), 7.22 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.32 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.45 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.56-7.62 (m, 3H), 7.74 (dd, 1H, J=7.0, 6.0 Hz), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.87-7.92 (m, 3H), 8.04 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.20 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.48 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.58 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.86, 20.43, 27.72, 45.70, 48.06, 48.80, 50.73, 51.14, 54.94, 59.94, 125.69, 126.27, 126.43, 127.01, 127.65, 127.97, 128.11, 128.25, 128.53, 129.49, 130.05, 130.13, 130.84 (4 carbons), 133.10, 133.51, 139.12, 139.70, 140.49, 142.93, 147.03, 147.65, 147.77, 151.65. ES-MS m/z 542 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₆H₃₉N₅.4.0HBr.4.4H₂O: C, 45.77; H, 5.53; N, 7.41; Br, 33.83. Found: C, 45.68; H, 5.34; N, 7.16; Br, 34.03.

Example 48 AMD8820: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(isobutylamino)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of sec-butylamine (1.0 mL, 9.90 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) at room temperature was added triethylamine (2.8 mL, 20.1 mmol) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2.6 g, 11.7 mmol) as a solid in three portions and the reaction stirred for 16 hours. The mixture was then washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (40 mL) and brine (40 mL) and the organic phase dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the nosyl-protected amine as a green solid.

To a stirred solution of the nosyl sec-butyl amine (850 mg, 3.30 mmol) in dry DMF (5 mL) was added 2-bromoethanol (0.40 mL, 5.6 mmol) and powdered potassium carbonate (910 mg, 6.6 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 2 days. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with brine (4×30 mL) and the combined organic layers dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/hexanes, 1:1) gave the hydroxyethyl product (188 mg, 19%) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.82 (t, 3H, J=6.0 Hz), 1.12 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz), 1.43-1.56 (m, 2H), 2.27 (br s, 1H), 3.40 (t, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.77-3.87 (m, 3H), 7.58-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.71 (m, 2H), 8.04-8.07 (m, 1H).

Using general procedure F: A solution of this alcohol (308 mg, 1.02 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was oxidized with Dess-Martin periodinane (600 mg, 1.42 mmol) for 45 min to give the crude aldehyde which was used without further purification.

To a solution of N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (224 mg, 0.49 mmol) and the crude aldehyde from above, in MeOH (7 mL) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (65 mg, 1.04 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 17 hours. After work-up, the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 to 9:1) to give the desired intermediate as a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the oil from above was reacted with thiophenol (0.35 mL, 3.4 mmol) and potassium carbonate (555 mg, 4.02 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 3 hours. Purification of the crude intermediate by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:5:0 followed by 90:9:1) gave the desired BOC-protected intermediate (49 mg, 18% over 2 steps) as a clear oil. Conversion to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group followed by re-precipitation of the crude solid from methanol/ether gave AMD8820 (33 mg, 60%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) mixture of diastereomers δ 0.85 (d, J=7.3 Hz) and 0.89 (d, J=7.3 Hz) (total 3H), 1.19 (t, 3H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.41-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.82 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.22 (m, 7H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.42 (m, 1H), 4.37 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 7.44 (s, 4H), 7.75 (t, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 7.80-7.89 (m, 2H), 8.24 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.32 (td, 1H, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz), 8.48 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.72 (d, 1H, J=5.5 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) mixture of diastereomers δ 9.27, 15.06, 15.28, 19.79, 20.49, 25.77, 26.00, 27.73, 43.17, 43.28, 48.42, 48.67, 51.36, 54.62, 56.20, 56.30, 59.51, 59.64, 125.59, 126.99, 130.10, 130.82, 130.90, 139.17, 139.73, 140.46, 144.30, 146.22, 147.32, 147.55, 151.92. ES-MS m/z 458 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₉N₅.4.4HBr.3.8H₂O: C, 39.49; H, 5.83; N, 7.94. Found: C, 39.44; H, 5.82; N, 7.87.

Example 49 AMD8827: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl) amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (1.60 mL, 16.6 mmol) in dry MeOH (10 mL) was added ethanolamine (1.0 mL, 16.6 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 2 days. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and redissolved in dry MeOH (10 mL). To this solution was added palladium on activated carbon (10%, 250 mg) and the mixture was stirred for 20 hours under an atmosphere of hydrogen. The reaction mixture was filtered through MgSO₄, concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in THF (20 mL) and protected with di-t-butyldicarbonate (3.55 g, 16.3 mmol) for 2 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4) gave the desired alcohol as a clear oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.22 (br s) and 1.40 (br s) (total 9H), 3.58-3.62 (br m, 2H), 3.81-3.83 (br m, 2H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 6.82-6.84 (br m) and 7.20-7.25 (m) and 7.33 (d, J=9.0 Hz) and 7.68 (t, J=7.5 Hz) and 8.50 (m, 1H) (total 4H).

Using general procedure F: A solution of the alcohol (330 mg, 1.31 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was oxidized with Dess-Martin periodinane (670 mg, 1.58 mmol) for 45 min to give the crude aldehyde, which was used without further purification in the next step.

Using general procedure A: To a solution of N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (250 mg, 0.46 mmol) and the crude aldehyde in MeOH (10 mL) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (71 mg, 1.13 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours. After work-up, the crude intermediate was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 to 9:1) to give the desired intermediate as a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: The oil from above was reacted with thiophenol (92 μL, 0.90 mmol) and potassium carbonate (130 mg, 0.94 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 16 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:5:0 followed by 93:6:1) gave the BOC protected intermediate (47 mg, 17% over 2 steps) as a colorless oil. Conversion to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group, followed by re-precipitaion of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8827 (62 mg, 84%) as a pale orange solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.71-1.77 (br m, 1H), 2.05-2.17 (br m, 2H), 2.27-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.92 (br d, 2H, J=4.8 Hz), 3.00-3.05 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 4.33-4.38 (m, 1H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 7.39 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.43 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.67-7.75 (m, 3H), 7.78-7.88 (m, 2H), 8.18 (td, 1H, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz), 8.22 (d, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 8.33 (td, 1H, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz), 8.45 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 8.59 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.70 (d, 1H, J=4.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.70, 20.50, 27.75, 46.21, 48.19, 48.75, 49.76, 51.33, 54.52, 59.25, 125.59, 126.07, 126.30, 126.88 (2 carbons), 130.08, 130.88 (4 carbons), 139.20, 139.52, 140.48, 142.52, 144.01, 146.41, 147.37 (2 carbons), 147.59, 148.12, 151.82. ES-MS m/z 493 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₁H₃₆N₆.4.9HBr.3.3H₂O: C, 39.25; H, 5.05; N, 8.86; Br, 41.28. Found: C, 39.20; H, 4.95; N, 8.67; Br, 41.33.

Example 50 AMD8828: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(2-furanylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of 2-furanaldehyde (4.0 mL, 48.3 mmol) in dry MeOH (10 mL) was added ethanolamine (1.5 mL, 24.6 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 2 days. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and redissolved in dry MeOH (10 mL). To this solution was added sodium borohydride (0.50 g, 13.2 mmol) in three portions and the mixture stirred for 40 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between EtOAc (40 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (40 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with EtOAc (2×30 mL) and the combined organic phases dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude amine was dissolved in THF (30 mL) and protected with di-t-butyldicarbonate (1.95 g, 8.94 mmol) for 3 hours. After work-up, the crude intermediate was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexanes/EtOAc, 3:1 followed by 1:1) to give the desired alcohol as a clear oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.47 (s, 9H), 2.99 (br s, 1H), 3.45 (br s, 2H), 3.69-3.71 (br m, 2H), 4.41 (br s, 2H), 6.20 (br s) and 6.32 (br s) and 7.35 (s) and 7.40 (s) (total 3H).

Using general procedure F: A solution of the alcohol (280 mg, 1.16 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was oxidized with Dess-Martin periodinane (650 mg, 1.53 mmol) for 30 min and the crude aldehyde used without further purification.

To a solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (270 mg, 0.50 mmol) and the crude aldehyde in MeOH (5 mL) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (61 mg, 0.97 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 17 hours. Following work-up, the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4) to give the desired intermediate as an orange oil.

The oil from above was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo then diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (25 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2×25 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 94:5:1) gave the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl-protected intermediate (93 mg, 28% over 2 steps) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the oil was reacted with thiophenol (80 μL, 0.78 mmol) and potassium carbonate (140 mg, 1.01 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 3 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:5:0 followed by 95:4:1) gave the free base of the title compound (24 mg, 36%). Conversion of the free base (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt followed by re-precipitation of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8828 (31 mg, 89%) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.71-1.81 (br m, 1H), 2.00-2.16 (br m, 2H), 2.28-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.94 (m, 3H), 3.11-3.26 (m, 3H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 4.32-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 4H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.76 (t, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 7.78-7.86 (m, 2H), 8.24 (d, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 8.31 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.47 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 8.72 (d, H, J=6.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.73, 20.50, 27.77, 43.34, 45.18, 48.13, 48.67, 51.37, 54.56, 59.45, 111.53, 113.41, 125.64, 126.95, 126.98, 130.10, 130.82 (2 carbons), 130.93 (2 carbons), 139.17, 139.65, 140.52, 144.25, 144.50, 145.29, 146.28, 147.36, 147.64, 151.82. ES-MS m/z 482 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₅N₅O.4.1HBr.2.0H₂O: C, 42.42; H, 5.11; N, 8.24; Br, 38.57. Found: C, 42.32; H, 4.93; N, 7.97; Br, 38.76

Example 51 AMD8772: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-guanidinoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-aminoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(trifluoroacetic acid salt)

To a solution of N-Boc-3-aminopropane-1,2-diol (191 mg, 1.0 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added sodium periodate (255 mg, 1.2 mmol). The mixture was then stirred rapidly for 2 hours. Work-up via dichloromethane extraction gave the crude aldehyde, which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

The aldehyde from above, N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (270 mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (63 mg, 1.0 mmol) were reacted in methanol (10 mL) using general procedure A. Purification of the crude intermediate by column chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired intermediate (248 mg, 72%). This material was then treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) for 1 hour. Evaporation of the solvent afforded the title compound in quantitative yield as the TFA salt.

Preparation of AMD8772.

To a solution of the TFA salt in THF (20 mL) were added triethylamine (0.14 mL, 1.0 mmol) and potassium carbonate (138 mg, 1.0 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 20 minutes, N,N′-di-Boc-pyrazolecarboxamidine (155 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction was then treated with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic fractions were dried and concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired guanidine (73 mg, 25%).

Using general procedures C and D: the guanidine was reacted with thiophenol (0.045 mL, 0.440 mmol) and potassium carbonate (73 mg, 0.529 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL). The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to give the free base of the title compound (28 mg, 50%). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8772 (18 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.75 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.86 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 3.92 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.40 (m, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.48 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.61 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 5.7 Hz), 7.71 (m, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.17 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.49 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.14, 20.44, 27.54, 36.85, 39.06, 49.29, 49.82, 51.20, 54.77, 59.91, 125.33, 126.28, 130.67, 130.92, 1.37.80, 139.12, 141.20, 142.73, 145.39, 147.25, 148.25, 151.29, 162.11. ES-MS m/z 444 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₆H₃₃N₇.4.3 HBr.2.7H₂O: C, 37.17; H, 5.12; N, 11.67; Br, 40.90. Found: C, 37.39; H, 3.29; N, 11.53; Br, 40.62.

Example 52 AMD8861: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[bis-[(2-methoxy)phenylmethyl]amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-aminoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (see prep. of AMD8772) (253 mg, 0.43 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL) was added o-anisaldehyde (72 mg, 0.53 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (174 mg, 0.82 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and saturated sodium bicarbonate (25 mL) and the aqueous layer washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 96:4:0 followed by 95:4:1) gave the bis-anisaldehyde reductive amination product (77 mg, 25%) as a clear oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above (77 mg, 0.09 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (95 mL, 0.91 mmol) and potassium carbonate (95 mg, 0.69 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 16 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 96:4:0 followed by 95:4:1) gave the free base of the title compound (45 mg, 75%) as a clear oil. Conversion of the free base (18 mg, 0.028 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt followed by re-precipitaion of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8861 (70 mg, 91%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.63-1.73 (br m, 2H), 2.04-2.12 (br m, 2H), 2.45-2.53 (br m, 1H), 2.81-2.87 (br m, 3H), 3.07-3.17 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.37 (m, 1H), 3.57 (d, 1H, J=13.0 Hz), 3.64 (d, 1H, J=13.0 Hz), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.96-4.01 (m, 1H), 4.19 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.26 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 4.32 (s, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 6.87-7.00 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 7.21 (d, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 7.33-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.36 (br s, 4H), 7.46 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.64-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.78 (t, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 8.13 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.25 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.38 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.63 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.24, 20.27, 27.56, 46.02, 49.23, 51.19, 51.42, 54.73, 56.23 (3 carbons), 56.29, 58.69, 111.65, 111.87, 117.61, 117.76, 121.82, 121.88, 125.84, 126.13, 126.24, 130.14, 130.40 (2 carbons), 130.79 (2 carbons), 132.21, 132.32, 132.68 (2 carbons), 139.28, 139.38, 140.35, 142.52, 147.35, 147.73, 148.32, 151.64, 157.94, 158.10. ES-MS m/z 642 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₄₁H₄₇N₅O₂.4.2HBr.3.1H₂O: C, 47.46; H, 5.58; N, 6.75; Br, 32.35. Found: C, 47.51; H, 5.61; N, 6.66; Br, 32.36.

Example 53 AMD8862: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzene dimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred suspension of 4(5)-imidazolecarboxaldehyde (682 mg, 7.10 mmol) in dry MeOH (5 mL) was added ethanolamine (0.52 mL, 8.52 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours. To this solution was added sodium borohydride (322 mg, 8.52 mmol) in three portions and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (40 mL). To this solution was added di-tert-butyldicarbonate (3.2 g, 14.0 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 16 hours, resulting in the formation a white precipitate. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×40 mL) and the combined organic extracts dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4) gave the desired Boc-protected imidazole alcohol as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.36 (br s, 18H), 3.39 (br s, 2H), 3.65-3.70 (br s, 2H), 4.24 (s, 2H), 5.84 (br s) and 6.30 (br s) (total 1H), 7.15 (s) and 7.23 (s) (total 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H).

Using general procedure F: A solution of the alcohol from above (568 mg, 1.67 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was oxidized with Dess-Martin periodinane (1.44 g, 3.40 mmol) for 1 hour and the crude aldehyde was used without further purification in the next step.

Using general procedure B: To a solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (368 mg, 0.68 mmol) and the crude aldehyde from above in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (204 mg, 0.96 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 17 hours. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 to 92:8) gave the desired tertiary amine (277 mg, 47%) as a clear oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the oil (277 mg, 0.32 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.17 mL, 1.6 mmol) and potassium carbonate (265 mg, 1.92 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 1.5 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 96:4:0 followed by 95:4:1) gave the corresponding amine (123 mg, 57%) as a clear oil. Conversion of the free amine (87 mg, 0.13 mmol) to the corresponding hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the Boc groups, followed by re-precipitation of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8862 (105 mg, 87%) as a beige solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.71-1.76 (br m, 1H), 2.03-2.14 (br m, 2H), 2.29-2.31 (br m, 1H), 2.91 (br d, 2H, J=4.8 Hz), 2.98-3.05 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.44 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 7.86 (t, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.20 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.37 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 8.44 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 8.74 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.79 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.77, 20.52, 27.71, 40.68, 46.07, 48.39, 48.61, 51.48, 54.54, 59.33, 121.64, 123.20, 125.56, 127.27, 127.42, 130.00, 130.88 (4 carbons), 135.80, 139.13, 139.51, 140.37, 145.11, 145.71, 146.86, 147.60, 151.83. ES-MS m/z 482 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₅N₇.5.1HBr.2.9H₂O: C, 36.80; H, 4.89; N, 10.36; Br, 43.05. Found: C, 36.93; H, 4.66; N, 10.28; Br, 42.83.

Example 54 AMD8887: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-aminoethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (333 mg, 0.57 mmol) in dry MeOH (5 mL) was added 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde (110 mg, 1.14 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 17 hours. To this solution was added sodium borohydride (110 mg, 2.91 mmol) in one portion and the mixture was stirred for 40 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (25 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude amine was dissolved in THF (10 mL) and protected with di-t-butyldicarbonate (1.0 g, 4.59 mmol). Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 followed by 9:1) gave the desired product (110 mg, 22%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: to a solution of the intermediate from above (110 mg, 0.14 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added thiophenol (72 μL, 0.70 mmol) and potassium carbonate (116 mg, 0.84 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 20 hours. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:5:0 followed by 95:4:1) to give the amine (54 mg, 65%) as an orange oil. Conversion of the free base (25 mg, 0.04 mmol) to a hydrobromide salt gave AMD8887 (30 mg, 67%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.73-1.80 (br m, 1H), 2.02-2.14 (br m, 2H), 2.27-2.31 (br m, 1H), 2.90 (br d, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 2.99-3.03 (m, 1H), 3.06-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.77 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 3.84 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 4.33 (s, 2H), 4.33-4.37 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.67 (s, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.43 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.70 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 6.3 Hz), 7.80 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 6.6 Hz), 7.84 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.18 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.29 (t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.43 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 8.71 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.83, 20.50, 27.68, 40.59, 46.71, 48.73 (2 carbons), 51.38, 54.53, 59.41, 121.56 (2 carbons), 125.54, 126.94, 126.99, 130.10, 130.86 (4 carbons), 135.91, 139.21, 139.27, 140.28, 144.24, 146.29, 147.37, 147.50, 151.75. ES-MS m/z 482 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₅N₇.5.1HBr.3.0H₂O: C, 36.73; H, 4.90; N, 10.34; Br, 42.97. Found: C, 36.97; H, 4.57; N, 9.98, Br, 42.78.

Example 55 AMD8816: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(phenylureido)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Reaction of Boc-aminoacetaldehyde (1.0 mmol) with N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (270 mg, 0.5 mmol) in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride in methanol afforded N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-[(t-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (248 mg, 72%). This material was then treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) for 1 hour. Evaporation of the solvent afforded the primary amine in quantitative yield as the TFA salt.

The amine TFA salt was then treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.0 M) and extracted into dichloromethane. The free base was then dried and concentrated, taken up into dichloromethane and reacted with phenylisocyanate (0.048 mL, 0.42 mmol). Following work-up and purification by column chromatography, the desired urea was obtained (64 mg, 23%).

Using general procedures C and D: reaction of the urea with thiophenol gave the corresponding amine (41 mg, 87%) which was converted to a hydrobromide salt giving AMD8816 (38 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ: 1.77 (m, 1H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.15-1.33 (m, 4H), 4.17 (br s, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 7.11 (d, 1H, J=6.7 Hz), 7.32 (m, 4H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.68 (m, 5H), 8.13 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 5.8 Hz), 8.41 (br s, 1H), 8.62 (d, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 8.81 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.33, 20.70, 27.35, 36.14, 49.10, 50.88, 54.54, 61.69, 66.46, 120.93, 124.38, 124.86, 126.38, 129.76, 131.33, 131.40, 132.01, 133.00, 136.43, 138.40, 142.88, 146.31, 147.11, 147.98, 148.96, 161.32. ES-MS m/z 521 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₂H₃₆N₆O.4.1 HBr.1.7H₂O: C, 44.55; H, 4.95; N, 8.80; Br, 34.32. Found: C, 44.56; H, 5.04; N, 8.86; Br, 34.28.

Example 56 AMD8737: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[[N″-(n-butyl)carboxamido]methyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt) 2-bromo-N-(n-butyl)-acetamide

To a solution of n-butyl amine (0.62 mL, 6.3 mmol) and Et₃N (2 mL, 14 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), cooled to 0° C., was added dropwise a solution of bromoacetyl bromide (0.5 mL, 5.7 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was then diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (15 ml) and washed with aqueous 1 N HCl (15 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL) and brine (15 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product as a dark oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.94 (t, 3H, J=6.0 Hz), 1.33-1.56 (m, 4H), 3.32 (q, 2H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.89 (s, 2H), 6.49 (br s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 13.58, 19.86, 29.24, 31.15, 39.82, 165.40. This was used without further purification in the next step.

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (188 mg, 0.35 mmol) in dry CH₃CN (5 mL) was added a solution of 2-bromo-N-(n-butyl)-acetamide (170 mg, 0.88 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) and powdered potassium carbonate (295 mg, 2.14 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 days then concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) and water (30 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×25 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the resultant crude oil by column chromatography with silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 followed by 9:1) afforded the desired product (89 mg, 39%) as a colorless oil.

Using General procedures C and D: the intermediate from above (114 mg, 0.17 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (89 μL, 0.87 mmol) and potassium carbonate (144 mg, 1.04 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 2 hours. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 97:3 to 9:1) to give the free base of the title compound (49 mg, 60%) as a pale yellow oil. Conversion of the free base (49 mg, 0.10 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8737 (77 mg, 94%) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 0.78 (t, 3H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.11-1.18 (q, 2H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.23-1.29 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.86 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.95 (m, 4H), 3.41 (d, 2H, J=15.9 Hz), 3.56 (d, 2H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.41 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 7.43 (br s, 4H), 7.68 (t, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 7.78-7.86 (m, 2H), 8.13 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.30 (t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 8.71 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 13.35, 19.80, 20.46, 20.97, 27.52, 30.72, 39.52, 48.62, 51.40, 55.51, 55.93, 61.56, 125.46, 126.96, 126.98, 130.36, 130.72 (2 carbons), 131.14 (2 carbons), 138.06, 139.60, 140.36, 144.32, 146.08, 146.17, 147.31, 151.25, 172.15. ES-MS m/z 472 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₇N₅O.4.0HBr.1.3H₂O.1.3CH₃CO₂H: C, 42.32; H, 5.48; N, 7.81; Br, 35.64. Found: C, 42.38; H, 5.47; N, 7.84; Br, 35.66.

Example 57 AMD8739: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(carboxamidomethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

A solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (151 mg, 0.28 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was treated with 2-bromoacetamide (154 mg, 1.12 mmol) and potassium carbonate (190 mg, 1.38 mmol) for 19 hours. After work-up the crude product was used without further purification.

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above was reacted with thiophenol (0.15 mL, 1.46 mmol) and potassium carbonate (242 mg, 1.75 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 1.5 hours. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5 to 9:1) to afford the free base of the title compound (32 mg, 28% for 2 steps) as a colorless oil. Conversion of the free base (32 mg, 0.06 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8739 (35 Mg, 68%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.73-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.93-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 3.45 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 3.62 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 3.91 (s, 2H), 4.38 (s, 3H), 4.37-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.47 (d, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.66 (t, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.95 (t, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.11 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.44-8.49 (m, 2H), 8.77 (d, 1H, J=4.9 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.46, 20.90, 27.51, 47.80, 51.64, 54.63, 55.45, 60.88, 125.43, 127.74, 128.02, 130.27, 130.79 (2 carbons), 131.15 (2 carbons), 138.07, 139.52, 140.43, 144.77, 146.05 (2 carbons), 146.43, 151.30, 175.37. ES-MS m/z 416 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉N₅O.4.8HBr.2.3H₂O.0.6CH₃CO₂H: C, 35.70; H, 4.67; N, 7.95; Br, 43.52. Found: C, 35.74; H, 4.44; N, 8.02; Br, 43.31.

Example 58 AMD8752: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(N″-phenyl)carboxamidomethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt) 2-bromoacetanilide (Ronsisvalle, G. et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1574-1580)

To a stirred solution of bromoacetyl chloride (1.36 mL, 16.4 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) cooled to 0° C., was added dropwise a solution of aniline (1.0 mL, 11.0 mmol) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (0.63 g, 5.2 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL). After 1 h the mixture was quenched with water (25 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL). The organic extracts were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (30 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.03 (s, 2H), 7.20 (td, 1H, J=7.5, 0.9 Hz), 7.36 (td, 2H, J=7.5 Hz, 0.9 Hz), 7.54 (dd, 2H, J=7.5, 0.9 Hz), 8.17 (br m, 1H). The crude solid was used without further purification in the next step.

A solution N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (154 mg, 0.34 mmol) in CH₃CN (6 mL) was treated with 2-bromoacetanilide (185 mg, 0.86 mmol) and potassium carbonate (140 mg, 1.0 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 2 days. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 98:2 to 95:5) gave the desired product (47 mg, 24%) as a white foam.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (47 mg, 0.08 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to give AMD8752 (57 mg, 87%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.85-1.89 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.97-3.00 (br s, 2H), 3.55 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 3.73 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 3.92 (d, 1H, J=12.6 Hz), 4.01 (d, 1H, J=12.6 Hz) 4.30 (br s, 4H), 4.58-4.61 (m, 1H), 6.99 (t, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 7.17-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.43 (d, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.55 (d, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.79 (t, 1H, J=6.3 Hz), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.03 (t, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 8.25 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.54 (t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.61 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz), 8.81 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.54, 21.29, 27.65, 47.20, 51.45, 56.51, 56.92, 62.56, 122.15 (2 carbons), 125.73, 126.06, 127.96, 128.25, 129.43 (2 carbons), 129.99, 130.83 (2 carbons), 131.67 (2 carbons), 136.40, 138.48, 140.12 (2C), 144.80, 145.84, 146.64, 146.76, 151.20, 171.61. ES-MS m/z 492 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₁H₃₃N₅O.4.0HBr.2.3H₂O: C, 43.46; H, 4.89; N, 8.17; Br, 37.31. Found: C, 43.44; H, 4.84; N, 7.99; Br, 37.31.

Example 59 AMD8765: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(carboxymethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (230 mg, 0.50 mmol) and t-butyl bromoacetate (0.15 mL, 1.02 mmol) in CH₃CN (8 mL) was added powdered potassium carbonate (220 mg, 1.60 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 98:2 to 95:5) to give the desired product (160 mg, 56%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the oil from above (100 mg, 0.17 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC and t-butyl ester groups to give AMD8765 (147 mg, quantitative) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.71-1.80 (br m, 1H), 1.92-2.12 (br m, 2H), 2.32-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.88 (m, 2H), 3.51 (d, 1H, J=17.4 Hz), 3.67 (d, 1H, J=17.4 Hz), 3.90 (s, 2H), 4.38-4.41 (m, 1H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.46 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.66 (dd, 1H, J=6.8, 5.7 Hz), 7.67 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.03 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 6.6 Hz), 8.10 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.11 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 8.48 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz), 8.56 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.79 (dd, 1H, J=4.8, 0.9 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.51, 20.97, 27.43, 47.33, 51.75, 53.29, 55.21, 60.36, 125.47, 128.15, 128.55, 130.01, 130.81 (2 carbons), 131.08 (2 carbons), 138.47, 139.57, 140.02, 144.04, 145.46, 146.36, 147.49, 151.59, 175.40. ES-MS m/z 417 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₈N₄O₂.4.1HBr.1.3H₂O.1.2CH₃CO₂H: C, 39.00; H, 4.72; N, 6.64; Br, 38.83. Found: C, 39.14; H, 4.62; N, 6.68; Br, 38.54.

Example 60 AMD8715: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(phenylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.220 g, 0.390 mmol) in CH₃CN (8 mL), at room temperature, was added powdered K₂CO₃ (0.153 g, 1.11 mmol) followed by excess benzyl bromide (0.20 mL, 1.68 mmol). After 18 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and water (5 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography (2 mm plate, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided the desired product (0.106 g, 44%) as a white solid.

To a stirred solution of the intermediate from above (0.106 g, 0.173 mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN (3.5 mL, concentration ˜0.05 M), at room temperature, was added neat thiophenol (0.10 mL, 0.974 mmol, ˜5 equiv.) followed by powdered K₂CO₃ (0.140 g, 1.01 mmol, ˜5-10 equiv.). The resultant bright yellow solution was stirred for at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and water (1 mL) were added to the residue. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (15:1 CH₂Cl₂-MeOH) the free base of the title compound (0.052 g, 66%) as a yellow oil.

To a solution of the free base (0.052 g, 0.115 mmol) in a minimum of 1,4-dioxane (˜0.5 mL) was added HBr saturated dioxane (˜1 mL) dropwise. Ether (15 mL) was added to precipitate a white solid, which was allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask and the supernatant solution was decanted. The solid was washed by decantation with ether (3×15 mL) and the remaining traces of solvent were removed under vacuum. The solid was dried in a vacuum oven (40° C. @ 0.1 Torr) to give AMD8715 (0.071 g) as a white powder. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.64-1.82 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.83 (br s, 2H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 4.40 (s, 2H), 4.52-4.59 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.54 (m, 10H), 7.76 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.84 (t, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 7.91 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.35 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.46 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 8.74 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz); ³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.40, 20.56, 27.41, 48.48, 51.37, 54.93, 55.67, 60.99, 124.91, 127.17, 127.27, 129.66 (2 carbons), 129.91, 130.50 (2 carbons), 131.13 (2 carbons), 131.34 (2 carbons), 131.46, 132.28, 134.21, 136.84, 141.53, 144.87, 144.98, 145.84, 146.99, 149.63. ES-MS m/z 449 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₂N₄.4.0HBr.2.1H₂O.1.4dioxane: C, 45.81; H, 5.55; N, 6.00; Br, 34.24. Found: C, 45.68; H, 5.47; N, 6.00; Br, 34.54.

Example 61 AMD8907: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.425 g, 0.78 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (7.5 mL) was added di-isopropylethylamine (0.15 mL, 2.80 mmol) followed by chloromethylbenzimidazole (0.129 g, 0.77 mmol). The resultant solution was heated to 80° C. for 24 hours then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) and brine (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH containing 1% NH₄OH) followed by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH containing 1% NH₄OH) to provide the desired tertiary amine (0.169 g, 31%) as a yellow solid.

Using general procedures C and D: the yellow solid was treated with thiophenol (0.15 mL, 1.46 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.354 g, 2.56 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 50:1:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) provided the free base of the title compound (0.061 g) as a yellow oil. The oil was converted to the hydrobromide salt to give AMD8907 (0.079 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.93-1.98 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.46 (m, 1H), 3.20 (br s, 2H), 3.77-3.88 (m, 4H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 4.44 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.63 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.73-4.79 (m, 1H, overlaps with HOD), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.23 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.37 (dd, 2H, J=3.0, 6.3 Hz), 7.54 (dd, 2H, J=3.0, 6.3 Hz), 7.67 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.72 (dd, 1H, J=6.3, 6.9 Hz), 7.91 (dd, 1H, J=6.0, 7.8 Hz), 8.20 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.39 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.67 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz), 8.75 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.46, 20.97, 27.87, 48.88, 50.22, 50.44, 56.71, 63.26, 113.92, 126.15, 126.43, 126.52, 126.65, 130.04, 130.22, 130.47, 130.92, 138.23, 139.70, 141.05, 142.99, 147.15, 147.95, 148.32, 150.80, 151.79. ES-MS m/z 489 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₁H₃₂N₆.4.0HBr.2.0H₂O: C, 43.89H, 4.75; N, 9.91; Br, 37.68. Found: C, 44.08; H, 4.79; N, 9.71; Br, 37.53.

Example 62 AMD8927: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of 4,5-dimethylphenylene-1,2-diamine (680 mg, 5 mmol) in 4N HCl (12 mL) was added chloroacetic acid (940 mg, 10 mmol). The solution was then heated to reflux for 17 hours, then cooled to room temperature. Solid sodium carbonate was then added slowly, with stirring, until the pH of the solution was approximately 9.0, at which point a beige precipitate formed. The aqueous phase was then diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted repeatedly with ethyl acetate. The combined organic fractions were then dried, concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired 2-(chloromethyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (530 mg, 54%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.59 (br s, 1H), 2.31 (s, 6H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 7.42 (s, 2H).

In a similar manner to the procedure described above: Reaction of 2-(chloromethyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (195 mg, 1.0 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (543 mg, 1.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.26 mL, 1.5 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) afforded, following work-up and purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂), the desired 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole derivative (280 mg, 38%).

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above was reacted with thiophenol (0.230 mL, 2.25 mmol) and potassium carbonate (414 mg, 3.00 mmol) in acetonitrile (8 mL). The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (85% CH₂Cl₂, 10% MeOH and 5% NH₄OH) to give the free base of the title compound (181 mg). Conversion of the free base to a hydrobromide salt gave AMD8927 as a pale yellow solid (205 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.89 (br m, 1H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 2.27-2.41 (m, 4H), 3.03 (br s, 2H), 3.52 (dd, 1H, J=14.9, 7.2 Hz), 3.76 (s, 2H), 3.80 (m, 2H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 4.40 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.56 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.31 (d, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.30 (s, 2H), 7.61 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.72 (t, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 7.93 (t, 1H, J=6.8 Hz), 8.19 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.40 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.68 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.76 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz). ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 14.52, 19.81, 40.44, 20.94, 27.85, 46.66, 50.14, 56.76, 63.31, 66.46, 113.43, 126.12, 126.49, 129.00, 129.71, 130.11, 130.58, 130.86, 136.74, 138.23, 139.68, 141.03, 142.83, 147.42, 147.93, 148.29, 150.33, 150.81. ES-MS m/z 517 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₃H₃₆N₆.4.1HBr.1.6H₂O.1.1HOAc: C, 44.82H, 5.10; N, 8.91; Br, 34.73. Found: C, 44.67; H, 5.08; N, 8.88; Br, 34.89.

Example 63 AMD8926: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine N-Dimethylsulfamyl-(nitro)-benzimidazole

To a pre-cooled (ice bath) solution of 5-nitro-benzimidazole (744 mg, 4.56 mmol) and triethylamine (1 mL, 6.93 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was added N,N-dimethyl sulfamoylchloride (0.59 mL, 5.49 mmol) under N₂ and ice bath was removed after addition. Stirring was continued for 18 hours under reflux, then reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated. The residue was diluted with ethylacetate (300 mL), and organic phase was washed with 1N NaOH solution, sat. NaHCO₃, then brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. Evaporation of the solvent and purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (2.5×20 cm, 2:8 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired products as mixture of two regioisomers (720 mg, 60%) as a yellow solid.

N-Dimethylsulfamyl-2-hydroxymethyl-(nitro)-benzimidazole

To pre-cooled suspended mixture of 1-dimethylsulfamyl-nitro-benzimidazole (mixture of two regioisomers, 421 mg, 1.56 mmol) in THF (2 mL) at −78° C. was added LDA (0.4 M, 6.0 mL, 2.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was allow to stir for 30 min at −78° C., paraformaldehyde (500 mg, excess) in THF (2 mL) was added. Stirring was continued for 18 hours at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with ethylacetate (300 mL), and washed with sat. NaHCO₃, and brine then dried over Na₂SO₄. Evaporation of the solvent and purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (2.5×20 cm, 3:7 EtOAc/hexanes) gave the desired product as a yellow solid (mixture of two regioisomers) (80 mg, 17%).

To a pre-cooled (ice bath) solution of 1-dimethylsulfamyl-2-hydroxymethyl(nitro)-benzimidazole (240 mg, 0.80 mmol) and triethylamine (0.9 ml, 6.23 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (6 ml) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (1 N in CH₂Cl₂, 0.8 mL, 0.80 mmol). Stirring was continued for 1 hour at 0° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethylacetate (300 mL), and washed with sat. NaHCO₃, then brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. Evaporation of the solvent and purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 2:8 EtOAc/hexanes) gave the desired product (240 mg, 83%) as a yellow solid.

To a stirred solution of 1-dimethylsulfamyl-2-methanesulfonylmethyl-[4(5)-nitro]benzimidazole (230 mg, 0.63 mmol) and dipropylethylamine (0.35 mL, 2.0 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (4 mL) under N₂ was added N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (610 mg, 1.33 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 85° C. for further 18 hours and then concentrated. The residue was diluted with ethylacetate (100 mL) and the organic phase was washed with a sat. NaHCO₃, then brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. Evaporation of the solvent and purification of the residue by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, 3:97 MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired product (140 mg, 30%) as mixture of two regioisomers.

Preparation of AMD8926

The intermediate from above (120 mg, 0.16 mmol) was dissolved in HCl solution (2 N, 3 mL) and the resulting mixture was allowed to reflux for 4 h. After cooling, the reaction was neutralized by addition of NaHCO₃, and the aqueous solution was extracted with CHCl₃ (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvents evaporated. Purification of the residue by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, 3:3:97 NH₄OH/MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired product (46 mg, 53%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.64-1.68 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.94 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 4H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.99-4.11 (m, 2H), 4.21-4.28 (m, 1H), 7.13 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 6.9 Hz), 7.20-7.32 (m, 7H), 7.47 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.53-7.66 (m, 2H), 8.14 (dd, 1H, J=9.8, 9.8 Hz), 8.45-8.53 (m, 2H), 8.71 (m, 1H); ³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 21.78, 23.98, 29.55, 49.06, 53.51, 53.98, 54.85, 61.09, 122.32, 122.71, 123.00, 128.69, 129.03, 135.39, 136.80, 138.01, 139.67, 147.13, 149.65, 157.55, 160.03. ES-MS m/z 534.3 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for (C₃₁H₃₁N₇O₂).(1H₂O): C, 67.50; H, 6.03; N, 17.77. Found: C, 67.29; H, 5.77; N, 17.77.

Example 64 AMD 8929: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(1H)-5-azabenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (hydrobromide salt) General Procedure for protection of benzimidazoles with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride (SEM-Cl)

To a stirred solution of 5-azabenzimidazole (0.300 g, 2.51 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.66 mL, 3.80 mmol) followed by 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride (0.54 mL, 3.02 mmol). The resultant solution was heated to 80° C. for 2 h then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into brine (20 mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (3×5 mL), dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the crude brown oil through a plug of silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 9:1) provided the 1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-5-aza-benzimidazole (0.586 g, 93%) as an orange oil. General Procedure: Formylation of benzimidazoles

To a cold (−40° C.), stirred solution of 1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-5-aza-benzimidazole (0.574 g, 2.31 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) was added a 1.7 M solution of tert-butyllithium in pentane (1.55 mL, 2.63 mmol). The reaction mixture turned deep red. After 20 minutes, DMF (0.50 mL, 6.46 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and the resultant solution was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (25 mL) and diluted with ethylacetate (25 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. The residual, yellow oil (0.655 g) was used immediately in the next step.

Using general procedure B: A solution of N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (0.515 g, 1.12 mmol) and the crude 1-[[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl]-(1H)-5-azabenzimidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (the yellow oil from above) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) were reacted with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.357 g, 1.68 mmol) for 18 hours. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4 to 9:1) provided the desired intermediate as a dark oil.

The oil from above (0.202 g, 0.28 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂/TFA (2:1, 3 mL) was stirred overnight (16 hours) then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and 1 N NaOH (40 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×25 mL) and the combined organic layers dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:4:1) followed by radial chromatography (1 mm plate) on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:4:1) provided the free base of the title compound (36 mg, 18% 2 steps) as a clear oil.

Using general procedure D: the free base (36 mg, 0.074 mmol) was converted to a hydrobromide salt to give AMD8929 (69 mg, quant.) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.79-1.85 (br m, 1H), 2.15-2.26 (br m, 2H), 2.36-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.97 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 4.31 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.44 (d, 1H, J=15.9 Hz), 4.59 (dd, 1H, J=10.5, 6.3 Hz), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.30 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.76-7.81 (m, 3H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 8.23-8.29 (m, 2H), 8.40 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 8.62 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 8.68 (dd, 1H, J=5.7, 1.2 Hz), 9.05 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.51 (2 carbons), 27.75, 48.24, 51.10, 51.51, 55.95, 61.31, 111.24, 125.73, 127.21, 127.28, 129.56, 130.29 (2 carbons), 131.00 (2 carbons), 132.49, 133.79, 137.93, 139.14, 139.34, 140.56, 145.01, 145.73, 146.12, 146.86, 147.72, 151.66, 162.72. ES-MS m/z 490 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₁N₇O.4.9HBr.2.3H₂O: C, 38.85; H, 4.40; N, 10.57; Br, 42.21. Found: C, 38.97; H, 4.31; N, 10.31; Br, 42.12.

Example 65 AMD8931: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine

To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (108 mg, 2.70 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1 mL), at room temperature was added, 4-phenylimidazole (400 mg, 2.78 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (4 mL), and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. Sem-Cl (520 uL, 2.94 mmol) was added dropwise to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) and the resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc. The organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc 50:1) to give the SEM-protected imidazoles [430 mg (58%, major isomer: 1-SEM-4-phenylimidazole) and 70 mg (15%, minor isomer: 1-SEM-5-phenylimidazole)] as yellow oils.

To a stirred solution of the Sem-protected 4-phenylimidazole (380 mg, 1.39 mmol) in anhydrous THF (7.6 mL) cooled to −40° C. was added, a solution of n-BuLi in hexane (2.5 M, 720 μL, 1.80 mmol), and the resultant solution was stirred at −40° C. for 20 minutes. To this solution was added, DMF (323 μL, 4.17 mmol) and the mixture was allowed to stir for 4 hours at −40° C. The reaction was quenched with NH₄Cl (5 mL) and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×80 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to afford the SEM protected 4-phenylimidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (411 mg, 98%) as a yellow solid.

Using general procedure B: To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (244 mg, 0.45 mmol) in THF (5 mL), at room temperature, was added the aldehyde from above (150 mg, 0.50 mmol), glacial acetic acid (250 μL) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (286 mg, 1.35 mmol), and the resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solution was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), filtered through celite, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, CH₂CH₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 98:1:1) to afford the desired product (266 mg, 71% yield) as a yellow foam.

The foam from above (190 mg, 0.23 mmol) was dissolved in 6 M HCl solution (6 mL), and the resultant solution was stirred at 50° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was neutralized with K₂CO₃, and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, CH₂CH₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 98:1:1) to afford the desired product (141 mg, 88%) as a yellow foam.

Using general procedure C: The intermediate from above (135 mg, 0.19 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (57.3 μL, 0.56 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (128 mg, 0.93 mmol) in DMF (1.9 mL). Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂CH₂/MeOH/NH₄OH 48:1:1) gave AMD8931 (61 mg) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.50-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.75-2.03 (m, 3H), 2.22-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.89 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.06 (d, 2H, J=16.2 Hz), 7.10-7.42 (m, 12H), 7.59 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.72 (br s, 2H), 8.52 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 8.53 (br s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 21.29, 23.18, 29.26, 47.99, 53.19, 53.64, 54.48, 59.75, 121.85, 122.12, 122.32, 124.52, 126.12, 128.15, 128.57, 134.67, 136.36, 137.06, 138.29, 138.97, 147.09, 149.23, 157.71, 159.79. ES-MS m/z 515 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₃H₃₄N₆.0.9H₂O: C, 74.66; H, 6.80; N, 15.83. Found: C, 74.53; H, 6.61; N, 15.86.

Example 66 AMD8783: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (276 mg, 0.51 mmol) and anhydrous K₂CO₃ (750 mg, 5.4 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (3 ml) under N₂ was added 2-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)pyridine (450 mg, 2.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 85° C. for further 18 hours and then concentrated. The residue was diluted with ethylacetate (100 mL) and the solution was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ then brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. Evaporation of the solvent and purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 50:50 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired intermediate (100 mg, 32%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above was reacted with anhydrous K₂CO₃ (137 mg, 0.99 mmol) and thiophenol (51 μl, 0.49 mmol) in DMF (3 ml). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, 3:3:94 MeOH/NH₄OH/CH₂Cl₂) gave the free base of the title compound (90 mg, 76%) as a light yellow oil. Conversion of the free base (90 mg, 0.19 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8783 (130 mg). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.88-1.89 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.03 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.66 (m, 3H), 4.05 (d, 1H, J=13.8 Hz), 4.17 (d, 1H, J=13.8 Hz), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.54-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.71 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.76-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.94-8.06 (m, 3H), 8.19 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.34 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 7.2 Hz), 8.56 (ddd, 1H, J=1.2, 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 8.74 (dd, 2H, J=5.6, 5.6 Hz), 8.83 (b, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 22.06, 28.97, 33.40, 52.18, 52.63, 56.21, 60.83, 67.31, 126.72, 127.04, 127.70, 127.90, 129.59, 132.09, 132.42, 139.65, 140.66, 142.82, 142.96, 144.70, 147.11, 147.51, 148.70, 149.83, 153.35, 155.77. ES-MS m/z 464.2 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₃N₅.4.0HBr.3.0H₂O: C, 42.83; H, 5.15; N, 8.32; Br, 37.99. Found: C, 43.04; H, 5.18; N, 8.14; Br, 37.75.

Example 67 AMD8764: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-benzoxazolyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

A solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (260 mg, 0.48 mmol) and 2-chlorobenzoxazole (115 mg, 0.749 mmol) in CH₃CN (2.5 mL) was heated at reflux under nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours. Saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (1×10 mL, 2×5 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel using 70%-90% EtOAc/hexanes then on reverse phase C-18 using 7:3 to 9:1 MeOH/H₂O to give a colourless solid (101 mg, 32%).

Using general procedures C and D: The intermediate from above (92 mg, 0.14 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.045 mL, 0.44 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (80 mg, 0.58 mmol) in CH₃CN (2.2 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere at 40° C. for 1 hour. Brine (15 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (1×20 mL, 2×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on neutral alumina using CH₂Cl₂ and 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ to give a light yellow oil (47 mg, 71%). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8764 as a colourless solid (59 mg, 74%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.90-2.26 (m, 4H), 3.03 (br s, 2H), 4.37 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 1H), 4.81 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 5.02 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 5.82 (t, 1H, J=9 Hz), 7.21-7.45 (m, 8H), 7.83 (m, 3H), 8.33 (m, 3H), 8.73 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.40, 26.65, 27.43, 48.62, 51.11, 51.36, 57.16, 110.49, 115.69, 123.29, 125.59, 126.29, 127.01, 127.10, 128.85, 130.24, 130.95, 138.07, 138.95, 140.02, 140.74, 144.48, 146.08, 147.23, 148.02, 148.16, 148.27, 161.78. ES-MS m/z 476 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₂₉N₅O.4.2HBr.3.9H₂O: C, 40.68; H, 4.67; N, 7.91; Br, 37.89. Found: C, 40.80; H, 4.55; N, 7.81; Br, 37.71.

Example 68 AMD8780: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt) N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1,2-cyclohexeneaziridine)

A solution of trans-2-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride (2.50 g, 16.5 mmol) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (3.66 g, 16.5 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (35 mL) was cooled in an ice bath under nitrogen atmosphere while Et₃N (5.10 mL, 36.6 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at reflux for 35 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo. Water (25 mL) was added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic extract was washed with brine (3×15 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give a grey solid (5.73 g).

A solution of the solid from above and Et₃N (2.8 mL, 20 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was stirred at −40° C. under nitrogen atmosphere while methanesulfonyl chloride (1.4 mL, 18 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at −40° C. for 10 minutes, then the cold bath was removed and stirring was continued at room temperature for 30 minutes and the solution was then concentrated in vacuo. Water (25 mL) and saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (25 mL) were added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (1×20 mL, 3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude mesylate as a light yellow solid (6.12 g).

The crude mesylate (258 mg, 0.682 mmol) was stirred as a suspension in benzene (3 mL) at room temperature while a solution of 85% KOH (230 mg, 3.5 mmol) in H₂O (1 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and additional benzene (10 mL) was added. The organic phase was separated and washed with brine (10 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (25% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired aziridine as colorless crystals (141 mg, 72% over 3 steps).

A solution of the aziridine from above (92 mg, 0.33 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (213 mg, 0.392 mmol) and Et₃N (0.01 mL, 0.07 mmol) in THF (1.1 mL) was heated at 60° C. under nitrogen atmosphere for 48 hours. The solution was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (70% EtOAc/hexanes) to give a yellow solid (155 mg, 58%).

Using general procedures C and D: The intermediate from above (111 mg, 0.134 mmol) was reacted thiophenol (0.085 mL, 0.83 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (150 mg, 1.08 mmol) in CH₃CN (2.7 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere at 40° C. for 22 hours. Brine (15 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on neutral alumina (CH₂Cl₂ then 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give the free base of the title compound as a yellow oil (53 mg, 87%). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt followed by re-preciptation of the intermediate solid from methanol/ether gave AMD8780 as a light yellow solid (46 mg, 52%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) mixture of two diastereomers: δ 1.26-2.49 (m, 24H), 2.81-3.18 (m, 6H), 3.40-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.96 (m, 4H), 4.19 (s, 2H), 4.32 (s, 2H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 7.23 (br s, 6H), 7.36 (m, 5H), 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.70 (m, 4H), 8.11 (m, 4H), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.65 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 14.53, 19.53, 20.94, 23.89, 25.09, 25.35, 27.50, 27.95, 29.26, 30.94, 31.40, 47.91, 49.54, 50.96, 51.12, 51.40, 52.78, 56.61, 62.56, 63.63, 66.47, 67.70, 125.25, 125.78, 125.96, 126.06, 126.1-5, 129.83, 130.17, 130.68, 130.77, 139.13, 139.38, 139.70, 140.32, 140.81, 142.14, 142.27, 147.40, 147.63, 148.54, 151.21, 151.98. ES-MS m/z 456 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₇N₅.4.0HBr.3.9H₂O: C, 41.00; H, 5.79; N, 8.24; Br, 37.62. Found: C, 41.08; H, 5.50; N, 8.05; Br, 37.58.

Example 69 AMD8818: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-phenylethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

A solution of 2-phenylethanol (510 mg, 4.17 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (874 mg, 4.58 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL) was stirred in an ice bath while Et₃N (0.70 mL, 5.0 mmol) was added. The cold bath was removed, and the solution was heated at reflux under nitrogen atmosphere for 42 hours. The solution was washed with 10% HCl(aq) (10 mL), saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (10 mL), and brine (5 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the tosylate as a yellow oil (783 mg, 68%).

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (355 mg, 0.653 mmol), the tosylate from above (356 mg, 1.29 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (271 mg, 1.96 mmol) were heated at reflux in CH₃CN (3 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere for 19 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (60% THF/hexanes) to give a yellow oil (241 mg, 57%).

Using General procedures C and D: The oil from above (225 mg, 0.347 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.11 mL, 1.1 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (192 mg, 1.39 mmol) in CH₃CN (7 mL) with stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 40° C. for 1.5 hours. Brine (15 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on neutral alumina (CH₂Cl₂ then 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give the free base of the title compound (79 mg, 49%) as a yellow oil. Conversion of the free base (74 mg, 0.16 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt followed by re-preciptation of the intermediate solid from methanol/ether gave AMD8818 (114 mg, 86%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.82 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.01 (m, 4H), 3.37 (br s, 1H), 3.66 (br s, 1H), 4.32 (m, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 7.09 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.48 (m, 8H), 7.69-7.88 (m, 3H), 8.31 (m, 2H), 8.71 (d, 1H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.40, 20.91, 27.23, 31.23, 48.72, 51.29, 52.20, 54.75, 62.22, 124.74, 126.99, 128.01, 129.45, 129.62, 131.35, 132.00, 132.36, 135.73, 135.94, 139.85, 144.34, 146.17, 146.50, 147.23, 148.49. ES-MS m/z 463 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₁H₃₄N₄.3.9HBr.2.9H₂O: C, 44.84; H, 5.30; N, 6.75; Br, 37.53. Found: C, 44.77; H, 5.04; N, 6.59; Br, 37.55.

Example 70 AMD8829: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(3-phenylpropyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

A solution of 3-phenylpropanol (510 mg, 3.74 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (770 mg, 4.04 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL) was stirred in an ice bath while Et₃N (0.61 mL, 4.4 mmol) was added. The cold bath was removed, and the solution was heated at reflux under nitrogen atmosphere for 19 hours. The solution was washed with 10% HCl(aq) (5 mL), saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (10 mL), and brine (5 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the tosylate as a yellow oil (893 mg, 82%).

N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (312 mg, 0.574 mmol), the tosylate from above (320 mg, 1.10 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (250 mg, 1.81 mmol) were heated at reflux in CH₃CN (2.5 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (70% THF/hexanes) to give a yellow oil (261 mg, 69%).

Using general procedures C and D: The oil (257 mg, 0.388 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.12 mL, 1.2 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (215 mg, 1.56 mmol) in CH₃CN (7.5 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere with stirring at 40° C. for 1 hour. Brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on neutral alumina (CH₂Cl₂ then 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give the free base of the title compound (97 mg, 52%) as a yellow oil. Conversion of the free base (94 mg, 0.20 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt followed by re-precipitation of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8829 (141 mg, 87%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.75-2.12 (m, 5H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 2H), 3.13 (br s, 1H), 3.29 (br s, 1H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.50 (br s, 4H), 7.64 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.85 (m, 2H), 8.34 (m, 1H), 8.45 (br s, 1H), 8.73 (d, 1H, J=5.4); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.32, 20.94, 26.58, 27.36, 32.01, 48.50, 51.31, 62.44, 124.75, 126.90, 127.16, 127.25, 128.82, 129.19, 131.23, 131.82, 132.12, 135.75, 139.65, 140.47, 144.80, 145.89, 146.97, 148.66. ES-MS m/z 477 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₂H₃₆N₄.3.9HBr.1.8H₂O: C, 46.61; H, 5.32; N, 6.79; Br, 37.79. Found: C, 46.47; H, 5.11; N, 6.64; Br, 37.93.

Example 71 AMD8839: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(trans-2-aminocyclopentyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt) N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-6-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl-1,2-cyclopenteneaziridine)

A solution of (1S,2S)-2-benzyloxycyclopentylamine (417 mg, 2.18 mmol) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (531 mg, 2.40 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was cooled in an ice bath under nitrogen atmosphere while Et₃N (0.36 mL, 2.6 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 hour, then washed with H₂O (10 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude sulfonamide as a dark oil (787 mg).

A solution of the crude sulfonamide (675 mg, 1.79 mmol) and TMSI (0.64 mL, 4.5 mmol) in CH₃CN (9 mL) was heated at 40° C. under nitrogen atmosphere for 21 hours. Saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (15 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (1×15 mL, 2×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the alcohol as a yellow oil (424 mg, 80% over 2 steps).

A solution of the alcohol (464 mg, 1.62 mmol) and Et₃N (0.27 mL, 1.9 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) was stirred at −78° C. under nitrogen atmosphere while methanesulfonyl chloride (0.14 mL, 1.8 mmol) was added. The cold bath was removed, and stirring was continued at room temperature for 20 minutes and the solution was concentrated in vacuo. Ethyl acetate (20 mL) was added, and the mixture was washed with saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (15 mL) and brine (15 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the mesylate as a yellow oil (725 mg). This was used without further purification in the next step.

A solution of the crude mesylate in benzene (6 mL) was stirred at room temperature while a solution of 85% KOH (530 mg, 8.0 mmol) in H₂O (2.5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 45 minutes, and benzene (20 mL) was added to the mixture. The organic phase was separated and washed with brine (10 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (25% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired aziridine as yellow crystals (293 mg, 67% over 2 steps).

A solution of the aziridine from above (138 mg, 0.514 mmol), N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (340 mg, 0.625 mmol), and Et₃N (0.04 mL, 0.29 mmol) in THF (1.7 mL) was heated at 60° C. under nitrogen atmosphere for 48 hours. The solution was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (50% THF/hexanes) to give a yellow solid (203 mg, 49%).

Using general procedures C and D: the solid (186 mg, 0.229 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.14 mL, 1.4 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (253 mg, 1.83 mmol) with stirring in CH₃CN (4.6 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere at 40° C. for 20 hours. Brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on neutral alumina (CH₂Cl₂ then 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give the free base of the title compound (91 mg, 90%) as a yellow oil. Conversion of the free base (87 mg, 0.20 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt followed by re-precipitation of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8839 (108 mg, 66%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O): mixture of diastereomers: δ 1.54-2.52 (m, 20H), 2.88 (m, 4H), 3.23-3.92 (m, 8H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 4.37 (m, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 7.21 (m, 4H), 7.43 (m, 8H), 7.71-7.83 (m, 5H), 7.99 (m, 1H), 8.23 (m, 2H), 8.46 (d, 1H), 8.70 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.72, 20.93, 22.04, 22.12, 22.71, 23.96, 26.18, 27.58, 27.67, 28.41, 28.75, 47.32, 48.88, 51.09, 51.33, 52.24, 54.43, 55.93, 56.88, 62.44, 66.92, 72.46, 124.89, 125.53, 126.77, 129.45, 130.11, 130.60, 130.81, 130.90, 138.40, 139.00, 139.26, 139.60, 140.05, 140.34, 143.65, 143.81, 146.56, 146.89, 147.40, 147.63, 151.93, 152.93. ES-MS m/z 442 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₅N₅.4.3HBr.2.3H₂O: C, 40.47; H, 5.32; N, 8.43; Br, 41.35. Found: C, 40.66; H, 5.22; N, 8.27; Br, 41.13.

Example 72 AMD8726: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-glycinamide(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (218 mg, 0.40 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine (85 mg, 0.49 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.23 mL, 1.32 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (73 mg, 0.54 mmol) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide HCl (EDC) (105 mg, 0.55 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and brine (15 mL) and the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give the crude product as an orange oil. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5) gave the intermediate amide (185 mg, 66%) as a yellow foam.

To a stirred solution of the amide from above (185 mg, 0.26 mmol) in dry CH₃CN (5 mL) was added thiolphenol (0.12 mL, 1.2 mmol) and powdered potassium carbonate (196 mg, 1.42 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL) and water (15 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated in vacuo to give the crude product as a yellow oil. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5 followed by 9:1) afforded the desired amine (85 mg, 62%) as a pale yellow oil.

To a stirred solution of the free base (58 mg, 0.11 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (1 mL) was added a saturated solution of HBr in acetic acid (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Diethyl ether (20 mL) was added resulting in the formation of a white precipitate. The solid was allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask and the supernatant solution was decanted off. The solid was washed by decantation with ether (4×10 mL) and the remaining traces of solvent removed by evaporation under reduced pressure followed by drying in vacuo overnight to give AMD 8726 as an off-white solid (87 mg, 94%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) mixture of rotational isomers δ 1.64-2.20 (m) and 2.36-2.52 (m) (total 4H), 2.89-3.10 (m, 2H), 4.18 (d, J=16.5 Hz) and 4.30-4.58 (m) (total 7H), 4.70-4.85 (m, overlap with HOD) and 5.46-5.51 (m) (total 2H), 7.17 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 7.36 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 7.46 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 7.53 (d, J=8.1 Hz) (total 4H), 7.82-7.85 (m) and 8.28-8.33 (m) and 8.45 (d, J=5.7 Hz) and 8.75 (d, J=5.7 Hz) (total 7H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) mixture of rotational isomers δ 20.55, 20.84, 26.49, 27.53, 27.67, 41.38, 41.52, 47.58, 48.97, 49.14, 51.25, 51.38, 55.43, 56.03, 125.63, 126.62, 126.74, 128.26, 128.91, 129.70, 130.80, 131.16, 136.96, 138.66, 139.56, 139.78, 140.26, 141.13, 143.41, 143.67, 146.72, 146.91, 147.92, 147.99, 148.51, 149.53, 168.40, 168.86. ES-MS m/z 416 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉N₅O.4.0HBr.2.1H₂O.1.2CH₃CO₂H: C, 38.60; H, 4.98; N, 8.20; Br, 37.78. Found: C, 38.59; H, 4.88; N, 8.22; Br, 37.77.

Example 73 AMD8738: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-(L)-alaninamide(hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (251 mg, 0.46 mmol) and N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine (97 mg, 0.51 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.24 mL, 1.38 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (81 mg, 0.60 mmol) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide HCl (EDC) (116 mg, 0.61 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction was worked-up as described above to give the crude amide as a mixture of diastereomers. Purification and separation of the diastereomers was accomplished by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc) to afford a low polarity diastereomer (78 mg, 24%) and a high polarity diastereomer (48 mg, 15%).

Using procedures C and D: the less polar diastereomer (78 mg, 0.11 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (50 μL, 0.49 mmol) and potassium carbonate (83 mg, 0.60 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) for 2 hours. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5 to 9:1) to give the corresponding free base of AMD8738 (33 mg, 57%) as a clear oil. The oil was converted to the hydrobromide salt to give AMD8738 (49 mg, 89%) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) single diastereomer, mixture of rotational isomers δ 1.61 (d, J=7.1 Hz) and 1.69 (d, J=7.1 Hz) (total 3H), 1.90-2.13 (m) and 2.34-2.48 (m) (total 4H), 2.88-2.91 (m) and 2.97-3.00 (m) (total 2H), 4.27-4.49 (m) and 4.67-5.02 (m, overlap with HOD) (total 7H), 5.02-5.08 (m) and 5.64-5.67 (m) (total 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 7.37 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 7.50 (br s) (total 4H), 7.71-7.86 (m) and 8.14-8.17 (m) and 8.26 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 8.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 8.42 (t, J=5.1 Hz) and 8.66 (br s) (total 7H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) single diastereomer, mixture of rotational isomers δ 16.75, 16.82, 20.39, 20.49, 26.34, 27.54, 27.62, 28.01, 47.61, 48.43, 48.55, 49.13, 49.36, 51.14, 51.18, 52.77, 56.01, 56.42, 125.38, 126.30, 126.38, 126.46, 126.60, 127.65, 129.67, 130.86, 131.13, 136.46, 138.50, 139.39, 139.48, 140.66, 141.25, 142.77, 143.08, 147.04, 147.26, 147.57, 147.84, 148.06, 148.22, 148.49, 149.87, 171.35, 172.63. ES-MS m/z 430 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₆H₃₁N₅O.4.3HBr.1.9H₂O.1.2CH₃CO₂H: C, 38.60; H, 5.01; N, 7.92; Br, 38.88. Found: C, 38.45; H, 4.88; N, 7.91; Br, 39.10.

Example 74 AMD8749: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-(L)-aspartamide(hydrobromide salt)

A solution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid β-t-butyl ester dicyclohexylammonium salt (500 mg, 1.06 mmol) in EtOAc (25 mL) was washed with a 10% aqueous citric acid solution (2×25 mL) and brine (1×25 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to give the corresponding free acid (305 mg) as a clear oil.

To a solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (420 mg, 0.92 mmol) and N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid β-t-butyl ester (305 mg, 1.06 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (6 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 mL, 2.88 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (175 mg, 1.30 mmol) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide HCl (EDC) (250 mg, 1.30 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction was worked-up as described above and the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 98:2) to give the desired amide (145 mg, 23%) as a mixture of diastereomers.

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (47 mg, 0.08 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt to give AMD8749 (73 mg, 89%) as a light brown solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) mixture of diastereomers, mixture of rotational isomers: δ 1.69-1.84 (br m) and 1.98-2.04 (br m) and 2.10-2.20 (br m) and 2.45-2.49 (br m) (total 4H), 2.96-3.01 (m) and 3.00 (d, J=6.6 Hz) and 3.08 (d, J=4.2 Hz) and 3.13-3.18 (m) (total 4H), 4.37 (s) and 4.42 (s) and 4.51 (s) and 4.52 (s) and 4.69-4.72 (m) and 4.79-4.88 (m, overlap with HOD) and 4.92-5.01 (m) and 5.07-5.14 (m) and 5.18-5.22 (m) and 5.30-5.38 (m) and 5.71-5.77 (m) (total 8H), 7.19 (d, J=7.8 Hz) and 7.41 (d, J=7.8 Hz) and 7.50-7.58 (m) (total 5H), 7.67-7.73 (m) and 7.79-7.89 (m) and 8.13-8.19 (m) and 8.30-8.39 (m) and 8.44 (t, J=5.7 Hz) and 8.50 (d, J=6.0 Hz) and 8.70 (d, J=4.6 Hz) (total 6H); ¹³C. NMR (D₂O) mixture of diastereomers, mixture of rotational isomers: δ 20.38, 20.56, 20.66, 20.88, 26.37, 26.75, 27.64, 29.42, 34.87, 35.34, 35.49, 48.21, 48.58, 48.81, 51.36, 52.88, 53.02, 56.28, 56.68, 56.96, 125.62, 126.75, 127.00, 127.13, 127.22, 127.92, 129.43, 129.62, 130.93, 131.12, 131.28, 131.36, 136.71, 138.48, 139.51, 139.64, 140.04, 140.75, 141.39, 144.39, 144.45, 144.71, 146.06, 146.24, 146.31, 147.20, 147.31, 147.86, 148.04, 148.62, 149.54, 149.64, 169.30, 169.63, 172.62, 172.90. ES-MS m/z 474 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₁N₅O₃.4.1HBr.1.8H₂O.1.8CH₃CO₂H: C, 38.86; H, 4.89; N, 7.40; Br, 34.64. Found: C, 38.99; H, 4.77; N, 7.47; Br, 34.52.

Example 75 AMD8750: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-pyrazinamide(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (183 mg, 0.40 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid (68 mg, 0.55 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.21 mL, 1.21 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (81 mg, 0.60 mmol) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide HCl (EDC) (115 mg, 0.60 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Following standard work-up procedures, the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 98:2 followed by 95:5) to give the desired amide (131 mg, 58%) as a colorless oil.

Using general procedure D: the oil from above (105 mg, 0.19 mmol) was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to give AMD8750 (127 mg, 87%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) mixture of rotational isomers δ 1.71-1.88 (br m, 1H), 2.00-2.19 (br m, 2H), 2.28-2.40 (br m, 1H), 2.95-2.97 (br m) and 3.02-3.04 (m) (total 2H), 4.39 (s) and 4.43 (s) and 4.56-4.67 (m) and 4.62 (s) and 4.66 (s) and 4.76-5.05 (m, overlap with HOD) and 5.59-5.71 (m) and 5.75-5.84 (m) (total 7H), 7.31-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.84-7.90 (m) and 7.94-7.98 (m) and 8.01 (d, J=8.1 Hz) and 8.36 (t, J=7.8 Hz) and 8.47 (t, J=8.1 Hz) and 8.51-8.55 (m) and 8.68-8.71 (m) and 8.73 (s) and 8.80 (br s) and 9.13 (s) (total 10H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) mixture of rotational isomers δ 20.43, 20.59, 26.71, 27.57, 27.75, 28.05, 48.12, 48.21, 51.45, 51.59, 53.70, 56.43, 58.13, 125.74, 126.40, 127.53, 127.71, 127.74, 128.31, 129.39, 129.49, 130.43, 130.83, 131.00, 138.21, 138.58, 139.77, 140.14, 140.23, 141.21, 143.99, 144.30, 145.29, 145.44, 145.65, 145.82, 146.37, 146.59, 146.92, 148.07, 148.18, 148.41, 149.48, 169.00, 170.05. ES-MS W/z 465 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₂₈N₆O.4.0HBr.1.7H₂O.1.5CH₃CO₂H: C, 40.97; H, 4.59; N, 9.25; Br, 35.16. Found: C, 40.97; H, 4.62; N, 9.27; Br, 35.23.

Example 76 AMD8740: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-(L)-prolinamide(hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (195 mg, 0.426 mmol) and Boc-(L)-proline (110 mg, 0.511 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.22 mL, 1.3 mmol), HOBT (86 mg, 0.639 mmol) and EDC (123 mg, 0.639 mmol) and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. Following standard work-up procedures described above, the crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in dichloromethane) to give an inseparable mixture of two diastereomeric products (117 mg, 42%).

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to afford AMD8740 (84 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ (mixture of diastereomers, mixture of rotational isomers) 1.64 (m), 1.90-2.18 (m) total of 16H, 2.44 (m), 2.79 (m) (total of 2H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 3.38 (dd, 2H, J=10.2, 7.1 Hz), 3.47 (dd, 2H, J=10.4, 7.2 Hz), 4.37 (s), 4.40 (s), 4.43 (s) (total of 6H), 4.60 (m, 4H), 4.99 (m, 2H), 5.51 (dd, 1H, J=10.2, 7.1 Hz), 5.81 (dd, 1H, J=10.4, 7.2 Hz), 7.14 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.36 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.45 (d, 2H, J=4.2 Hz), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=1.8 Hz), 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.83 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 5.3 Hz), 7.96 (m, 2H), 8.04 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.21 (m, 1H), 8.24 (m, 1H), 8.34 (dd, 2H, J=4.5, 3.9 Hz), 8.49 (t, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.81 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ (both isomers, mixture of rotational isomers) 20.46, 20.60, 24.47, 24.59, 24.94, 24.94, 26.21, 27.60, 27.83, 29.52, 29.93, 46.98, 47.22, 47.79, 47.98, 51.60, 55.44, 55.91, 56.64, 59.67, 59.81, 127.81, 128.00, 129.44, 129.66, 129.91, 131.00, 131.14, 131.28, 136.22, 136.69, 138.61, 140.54, 141.28, 144.70, 144.87, 146.00, 146.05, 146.43, 146.60, 147.91, 148.60, 171.23, 172.25, 172.91. ES-MS m/z 456 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₃₃N₅O.4.2 HBr.1.6H₂O.1.2 AcOH: C, 40.74; H, 5.08; N, 7.81; Br 37.44. Found: C, 40.71; H, 5.09; N, 7.36; Br, 37.50.

Example 77 AMD8741: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-(L)-lysinamide(hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of N,N′-Di-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-(L)-lysine (1.05 g, 2 mmol) in ethyl acetate (15 mL) was added DCC (824 mg, 4.0 mmol) and pentafluorophenol (368 mg, 2.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes then filtered through celite and the filtrates were concentrated to afford the pentafluorophenol ester in quantitative yield as a white solid. This was used without further purification in the next step.

To a solution of N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (125 mg, 0.273 mmol) in dichloroethane (10 mL) was added the pentafluorophenol ester from above (180 mg, 0.355 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated to 55° C. for 24 hours. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in dichloromethane) to afford a mixture of two inseparable diastereomeric amides (80 mg, 37%).

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC groups to afford AMD8741 (66 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ (mixture of diastereomers, mixture of rotational isomers) 1.17-1.83 (m, 20H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.08 (m, 8H), 4.38 (s), 4.41 (s), 4.45 (s), total of 4H, 4.54 (s, 4H), 4.56 (m, 2H), 5.00 (m, 2H), 5.45 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 4.3 Hz), 5.81 (dd, 1H, J=8.3, 3.6 Hz), 7.20 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.41 (d, 2H J=8.4 Hz), 7.50 (m, 4H), 7.75 (m, 6H), 8.20 (m, 2H), 8.31 (m, 1H), 8.37 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.37 (d, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 8.71 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ (mixture of diastereomers, mixture of rotational isomers) 20.58, 21.77, 26.38, 26.74, 27.66, 30.17, 30.75, 39.48, 47.84, 49.50, 49.67, 51.16, 52.05, 52.27, 53.20, 55.82, 56.86, 126.08, 126.23, 126.65, 128.15, 129.58, 129.80, 130.92, 131.12, 131.33, 136.61, 138.62, 139.37, 141.24, 142.25, 147.49, 147.74, 147.85, 148.37, 148.58, 170.63, 172.22. ES-MS m/z 487 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₈N₆O.5HBr.3H₂O: C, 36.85; H, 5.22; N, 8.89; Br 42.29. Found: C, 37.04; H, 5.03; N, 8.76; Br, 42.20.

Example 78 AMD8724: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-benzamide(hydrobromide salt)

To a pre-cooled (ice bath) solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (201 mg, 0.37 mmol) and triethylamine (80 μl, 0.55 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (4 mL) was added a solution of benzoylchloride (54 μl, 0.46 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (0.5 mL) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 18 hours and then concentrated. The residue was diluted with ethylacetate (300 mL), washed with sat. aqueous NaHCO₃ then brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 50:50 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) to give the desired amide (203 mg, 85%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the amide (203 mg, 0.31 mmol) was reacted with K₂CO₃ (433 mg, 3.13 mmol) and thiophenol (0.15 mL, 1.46 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, 3:3:94 MeOH/NH₄OH/CH₂Cl₂) gave the free base (112 mg, 78%) as light yellow oil. Conversion to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8724 (90 mg). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.64-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.97-2.02 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.99-3.00 (m, 2H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.93 (overlapped with MeOH, 2H), 5.12-5.24 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 4H, J=1.8 Hz), 7.63-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.95-8.00 (m, 1H), 8.35-8.42 (m, 2H), 8.62-8.66 (m, 1H), 8.88-8.90 (b, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 22.41, 28.41, 29.26, 52.53, 56.78, 58.07, 67.32, 126.26, 127.69 (b), 128.80, 130.33, 130.82, 132.05, 132.47, 132.74, 136.56, 139.83, 140.61, 140.94, 144.53 (b), 147.66 (b), 148.43, 149.70 (b), 153.47, 174.09; ES-MS m/z 463.2 (M+H); Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₀N₄O.2.8HBr.2.3H₂O: C, 49.32; H, 5.16; N, 7.67; Br, 30.62. Found: C, 49.35; H, 5.06; N, 7.43; Br, 30.53.

Example 79 AMD8725: Preparation of N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-picolinamide(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (209 mg, 0.39 mmol) in dry DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (0.5 mL, 4.45 mmol), picolinic acid (64 mg, 0.52 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (57 mg, 0.42 mmol), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (85 mg, 0.44 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for further 18 hours and then concentrated. The residue was diluted with ethylacetate (300 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, then brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (1.5×20 cm, 50:50 EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) gave the desired amide (237 mg, 94%) as a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the amide (235 mg, 0.36 mmol) was reacted with K₂CO₃ (300 mg, 2.17 mmol) and thiophenol (0.15 mL, 1.46 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Purification of the crude product by radial chromatography on silica gel (1 mm plate, 3:3:94 MeOH/NH₄OH/CH₂Cl₂) gave the free base (98 mg, 59%) as a light yellow oil. Conversion of the free base (98 mg, 0.22 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt gave AMD8725 (90 mg). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 1.79-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.11 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.41 (m, 1H), 3.03 (s, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 4.96 (overlapped with MeOH, 2H), 5.24-5.50 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.54 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.64 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.88-7.93 (m, 3H), 8.07-8.13 (m, 1H), 8.23 (b, 1H), 8.34-8.47 (m, 3H), 8.66-8.68 (m, 1H), 8.81-8.90 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 22.25, 28.18, 29.17, 52.66, 56.20, 58.64, 126.56, 127.02, 128.17, 128.90 (b), 129.93 (b), 130.98, 132.00 (b), 132.58, 132.60, 139.45, 140.96, 144.80 (b), 145.10 (b), 145.68 (b), 146.83 (b), 147.57, 148.79 (b). ES-MS m/z 464.2 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₂₉N₅O.4.0HBr.2.4H₂O: C, 41.94; H, 4.59; N, 8.43; Br, 38.49. Found: C, 41.87; H, 4.58; N, 8.06; Br, 38.61.

Example 80 AMD8713: Preparation of N′-Benzyl-N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl) amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-urea

To a stirred solution of N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (140 mg, 0.257 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 ml) cooled to 0° C. was added dropwise, benzyl isocyanate (0.035 mL, 0.284 mmol). The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir at room temperature for two hours. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (3% methanol in dichloromethane as eluent) to afford the desired urea in an 81% yield.

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above was reacted with thiophenol and K₂CO₃ in acetonitrile, and the corresponding free base was converted to the hydrobromide salt to give AMD8713 (61%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.99 (m, 3H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 4.25 (d, 1H, J=15.3 Hz), 4.34 (d, 1H, J=15.3 Hz), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.62 (dd, 2H, J=14.8 Hz, 8.3 Hz), 4.66 (s, 2H), 5.33 (t, 1H, J=8.3 Hz (NH)), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.23 (m, 5H), 7.47 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.77 (dd, 1-H, J=8.4, 5.3 Hz), 8.11 (m, 2H), 8.26 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.41 (d, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 8.55 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 5.4 Hz), 8.81 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.83, 20.89, 27.59, 27.73, 44.52, 47.39, 50.79, 51.82, 56.83, 66.46, 125.39, 127.57, 127.66, 128.27, 128.56, 129.07, 129.53, 130.95, 139.14, 139.26, 139.60, 139.74, 144.14, 145.45, 147.61, 147.73, 151.52, 159.20. ES-MS m/z 492 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₁H₃₃N₅O.3 HBr.3.2H₂O: C, 47.01; H, 5.40; N, 8.84; Br, 30.27. Found: C, 46.85; H, 5.22; N, 8.58; Br, 30.50.

Example 81 AMD8712: Preparation of N′-phenyl-N-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl) amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-urea

Using phenyl isocyanate in the above procedure followed by deprotection and salt formation according to general procedures C and D, afforded AMD8712. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.99-2.10 (m, 4H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 4.80 (m, 2H), 5.44 (br s, 1H(NH)), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.46 (d, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 7.54 (d, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 7.79 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 5.3 Hz), 7.99 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 8.4 Hz), 8.04 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 5.7 Hz), 8.12 (m, 1H), 8.28 (m, 1H), 8.45 (t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.82 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.81, 20.91, 27.52, 27.59, 45.22, 50.79, 51.87, 56.75, 66.46, 124.07, 125.50, 125.77, 128.23, 128.81, 129.51, 131.06, 137.67, 139.18, 139.43, 139.80, 143.75, 145.33, 147.88, 151.07, 158.00. ES-MS m/z 478 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₁N₅O.3HBr.3.8H₂O: C, 45.68; H, 5.32; N, 8.88; Br, 30.39. Found: C, 45.58; H, 5.27; N, 8.64; Br, 30.54.

Example 82 AMD8716: Preparation of N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzamide(hydrobromide salt)

A 1 L glass Fisher-Porter bottle was charged with 9-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine (0.583 g, 3.60 mmol), DMF (18 mL), methyl 4-bromobenzoate (0.852 g, 3.96 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II) (0.048 g, 0.07 mmol) and triethylamine (1.0 mL, 7.17 mmol). Carbon monoxide was bubbled through the mixture for 10 minutes. The bottle was capped with a pressure gauge and the mixture was heated to 80° C. under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide (45 psi) for 60 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through celite and the cake was washed with CH₂Cl₂. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) to afford 0.198 g of the amide-ester as a light yellow oil.

To a cold (−78° C.), stirred solution of amide-ester from above (0.198 g, 0.61 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5.0 mL) was added DIBAL-H (3.5 mL, 3.5 mmol, 1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂). The cooling bath was removed and the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. After 2 hours, the mixture was treated with saturated aqueous sodium/potassium tartrate (40 mL) and diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The resultant emulsion was vigorously stirred open to the air until the emulsion became a biphasic mixture. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH), to provide 0.120 g of the alcohol as a yellow oil.

To a stirred solution of the alcohol (0.120 g, 0.43 mmol) in dry THF (20 mL) was added 2-(N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)aminomethyl)pyridine (0.185 g, 0.63 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.175 g, 0.67 mmol) followed by dropwise addition of diethylazodicarboxylate (0.10 mL, 0.64 mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated and the residual oil was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (1:1 hexanes-ethyl acetate followed by 50:1 CH₃OH-ethyl acetate) to give 0.235 g of the amide as a yellow solid.

Using general procedures C and D: the amide (0.235 g, 0.411 mmol) was recated with thiophenol (0.20 mL, 1.95 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.316 g, 2.28 mmol) in CH₃CN (8 mL). Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (10:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.075 g of the free base of the title compound as a colorless oil. Conversion of the free base to a hydrobromide salt gave AMD8716 (0.141 g) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.44-1.56 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.30 (m, 5H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 5.52 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.65 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.72-7.08 (m, 2H), 7.85 (dd, 1H, J=6.0, 7.8 Hz), 7.96 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.22 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.40 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.44 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 8.71 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 25.51, 28.52, 31.03, 33.33, 49.49, 51.12, 54.36, 126.07, 126.37, 126.44, 129.09 (2 carbons), 130.72 (2 carbons), 134.17, 135.09, 138.06, 142.31, 142.84, 147.27, 147.91, 148.14, 155.48, 171.02. ES-MS m/z 387 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₂₆N₄O.3.1HBr.2.5H₂O.2.4dioxane: C, 45.15; H, 6.01; N, 6.27; Br, 27.71. Found: C, 45.05; H, 6.03; N, 6.29; Br, 27.90.

Example 83 AMD8717: Preparation of N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzamide(hydrobromide salt)

In a similar manner to that described above: 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline gave AMD8717. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.90-2.16 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.32 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.04 (m, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.60 (m, 2H), 5.46 (t, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.61 (d, 2H J=8.4 Hz), 7.78-7.87 (m, 5H), 8.29 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.37 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.51 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 8.72 (dt, 1H, J=5.4, 0.9 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.30, 27.54, 28.35, 47.78, 49.00, 51.23, 125.87, 126.87, 126.91, 128.75 (2 carbons), 130.80 (2 carbons), 134.57, 134.81, 139.77 (2 carbons), 144.00, 146.48, 147.46, 148.12, 150.08, 170.42. ES-MS m/z 373 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₄N₄O.3.0HBr.5.2H₂O.1.2dioxane: C, 40.99; H, 5.82; N, 6.88; Br, 29.43. Found: C, 40.97; H, 5.52; N, 6.84; Br, 29.40.

Example 84 AMD8634: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.169 g, 1.14 mmol) was condensed with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (0.12 mL, 1.26 mmol) in methanol (6 mL) overnight. Hydrogenation (30 psi, room temperature) of the resulting imine over palladium on activated carbon, (10%, 18 mg) for 6 hours provided 0.232 g of a brown oil. The oil was dissolved in CH₃CN (20 mL), treated with N-[1-methylene-4-chloromethylenephenylene]-N-(diethylphosphoryl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.38 g, 0.99 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.358 g, 2,59 mmol) and heated to reflux for 24 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) and water (20 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on basic alumina (20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.440 g of a yellow oil.

Using general procedure D: the diethylphosphoryl group of the oil from above was deprotected with HBr/acetic acid to give 0.517 g of a tan solid. The solid was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and a 10 M aqueous solution of NaOH (20 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 20:1:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) provided the free base of the title compound (0.079 g) as a colorless oil. Using general procedure D: the oil was converted to a hydrobromide salt giving AMD8634 (0.106 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.83-1.86 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.44 (m, 2H); 3.00 (br s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 4.39 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.52 (d, 1H, J=16.5 Hz), 4.64 (dd, 1H, J=10.2, 6.3 Hz), 7.19-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.78 (m, 3H), 7.84 (dd, 1H, J=6, 7.8. Hz), 7.92 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.22 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.8 Hz), 8.32 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 8.37 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.47 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 8.64 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 8.68 (d, 1H, J=5.1 HZ); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.46, 20.57, 27.90, 49.04, 51.02, 55.65, 55.79, 61.92, 125.91, 126.16, 126.47, 126.56, 127.40, 130.13, 130.67 (2 carbons), 131.16(2 carbons), 138.55, 139.61, 140.89, 141.03, 143.26, 146.90, 147.33, 147.85, 148.10, 150.92, 153.78. ES-MS m/z 450 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₁N₅.4.2HBr.1.8H₂O: C, 42.38; H, 4.76, N, 8.52; Br, 40.83. Found: C, 42.31; H, 4.79; N, 8.25; Br, 41.03.

Example 85 AMD8774: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

9-Amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine (0.104 g, 0.64 mmol) was condensed with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (65 μL, 0.68 mmol) in methanol (6 mL) for 2 hours. Hydrogenation (1 atm, room temperature) of the resultant imine over palladium on activated carbon, (10%, 38 mg) for 5 hours provided 0.162 g of a yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in CH₃CN (13 mL), treated with N-[1-methylene-4-chloromethylenephenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.263 g, 0.61 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.191 g, 1.38 mmol) and heated to reflux for 24 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and water (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, 40:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH containing 1% NH₄OH) provided 0.232 g of a yellow oil.

Using general procedures C and D: the oil from above was reacted with thiophenol (0.20 mL, 1.95 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.498 g, 3.61 mmol) in CH₃CN (7 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (2 mm plate, 20:1:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) provided the free base of the title compound (0.136 g) as a yellow oil. Conversion of the free base to a hydrobromide salt gave AMD8774 (0.191 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.72-1.92 (m, 4H), 1.98-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.88 (dd, 1H, J=15.3, 5.1 Hz), 3.23-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.82 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 3.92 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 4.24 (s, 2H), 4.32 (d, 1H, J=16.2 Hz), 4.45-4.56 (m, 4H), 7.25 (s, 4H), 7.71-7.81 (m, 4H), 7.98 (br d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.18-8.24 (m, 2H), 8.38 (td, 1H, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz), 8.53 (br d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 8.60 (dd, 1H, J=6.0, 1.2 Hz), 8.68 (br d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 24.68, 24.79, 25.21, 32.09, 49.07, 51.06, 54.54, 57.09, 66.14, 126.27, 126.28, 126.47, 126.54, 127.64, 130.16, 130.66 (2 carbons), 130.88 (2 carbons), 138.27, 138.77, 141.55, 142.93, 143.22, 146.95, 147.18, 147.90, 148.47, 153.73, 154.56. ES-MS m/z 464 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₃N₅.4.0HBr.2.9H₂O: C, 42.92; H, 5.14; N, 8.34; Br, 38.07. Found: C, 42.86; H, 5.14; N, 8.20; Br, 38.17.

Example 86 AMD8775: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

In a similar manner to that described above: 7-amino-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine and N-[1-methylene-4-chloromethylenephenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine gave AMD8775 as an orange solid.

¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.53-2.64 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.73 (d, 1H, J=12.9 Hz), 3.85 (d, 1H, J=12.9 Hz), 4.21 (d, 1H, J=16.8 Hz), 4.24 (s, 2H), 4.39 (d, 1H, J=16.8 Hz), 4.47 (s, 2H), 5.14 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 7.2 Hz), 7.25 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.30 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.73-7.80 (m, 3H), 7.84 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 6.0 Hz), 7.91 (d, 1H J=8.1 Hz), 8.24 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.35 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.40 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 8.52-8.57 (m, 2H), 8.69 (br d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 22.49, 28.77, 48.91, 51.13, 54.64, 55.89, 67.47, 126.19, 126.64 (2 carbons), 126.85, 127.22, 13.0.06, 130.67 (2 carbons), 130.96 (2 carbons), 138.85, 139.82, 140.93, 143.58, 144.46, 144.96, 146.70, 147.32, 147.69, 154.19, 156.49. ES-MS m/z 436 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₈H₂₉N₅.4.0HBr.2.7H₂O: C, 41.63; H, 4.79; N, 8.67; Br, 39.56. Found: C, 41.59; H, 4.72; N, 8.43; Br, 39.59.

Example 87 AMD8819: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

In a similar manner to that described above: 1-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene and N-[1-methylene-4-chloromethylenephenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine gave AMD8819 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.62-1.68 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.81 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.84 (m, 6H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.76-4.79 (m, 1H, overlaps with HOD), 7.16-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.50 (m, 6H), 7.67 (dd, 1H, J=6.0, 3.3 Hz), 7.79-7.93 (m, 3H), 8.32 (td, 1H, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 8.47 (dd, 1H, J=5.7, 1.5 Hz), 8.71 (br d, 1H J=5.7 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 21.01, 22.84, 29.19, 48.12, 51.37, 53.29, 56.11, 62.74, 125.36, 125.47, 127.17, 127.47, 127.63, 128.58, 129.27, 130.28, 131.03 (2 carbons), 131.32, 131.49, 131.58 (2 carbons), 134.17, 141.15, 142.17, 145.29, 145.66, 145.86, 146.47, 150.58. ES-MS m/z 449 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₂N₄.4.0HBr.2.0H₂O: C, 44.58; H, 4.99; N, 6.93; Br, 39.54. Found: C, 44.82; H, 5.02; N, 6.86; Br, 39.30.

Example 88 AMD8768: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)methyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt) 8-carboxymethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

To a cold (−78° C.), stirred solution of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.713 g, 5.35 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL) was added tert-butyllithium (1.7 M in pentane, 4.5 mL, 7.65 mmol). The initially colorless solution turned deep red. After one hour, CO₂ gas was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 15 minutes. The red color faded and the solution became cloudy and colorless. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, treated with water (30 mL), and diluted with diethyl ether (30 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ether (3×30 mL). The aqueous phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a white solid. Methanol (50 mL) was added to the solid followed by the dropwise addition of concentrated H₂SO₄ (˜1 mL) until the mixture became homogenous. The resultant solution was heated to reflux overnight and then was cooled to room temperature. The solution was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ (30 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 8-carbomethoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.724 g; 72%) as a pale yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.72-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.91 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.98 (dd, 1H, J=6.6, 6.6 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 4.8 Hz), 7.40 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 0.9 Hz), 8.40 (d, 1H, J=4.8. Hz); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 20.68, 27.31, 28.70, 48.55, 52.40, 122.39, 132.83, 137.48, 147.60, 154.13, 175.13. ES-MS m/z 192 (M+H).

8-hydroxymethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

To a cold (−78° C.), stirred solution of 8-carboxymethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.820 g, 4.29 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (21 mL, 0.2M) was added DIBAL-H (15.0 mL, 15.0 mmol, 1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂) over 10 minutes. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. After 3.5 hours, the mixture was treated with saturated aqueous sodium/potassium tartrate (100 mL) and diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (21 mL). The resultant emulsion was vigorously stirred open to the air until the emulsion became a biphasic mixture. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×25 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The crude material was purified by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, 20:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH), to provide 8-hydroxymethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.573 g) as a yellow oil.

8-(aminomethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

To a stirred solution of 8-hydroxymethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.573 g, 3.51 mmol) in dry THF (35 mL) was added phthalimide (0.795 g, 5.40 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (1.452 g, 5.53 mmol) followed by the dropwise addition of diethylazodicarboxylate, (0.90 mL, 5.72 mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated and filtered (2:1 hexanes-ethyl acetate) through a short pad of silica gel (50 g). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated. Purification of the residual oil by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, 3:1 hexanes-ethyl acetate) provided 0.711 g of a yellow semi-solid. The yellow semi-solid was dissolved in ethanol (25 mL), treated with hydrazine (1.2 mL, 24.7 mmol), and stirred at room temperature overnight. A voluminous, white precipitate formed. The reaction mixture was diluted with ether, filtered, and the filtrates concentrated to provide a yellow oil. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (20:1:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) provided 0.217 g of 8-(aminomethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.59-2.01 (m, 6H), 2.73 (t, 2H, J=5.4 Hz), 2.82-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.99 (dd, 1H, J=12.6, 6.6 Hz), 3.11 (dd, 1H, J=12.6, 5.4 Hz), 7.00 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz), 7.32 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 8.36 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz).

Preparation of AMD8768.

8-(aminomethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (0.283 g, 1.74 mmol) was condensed with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (0.19 mL, 2.00 mmol) in methanol (17 mL) overnight. Hydrogenation (1 atm, room temperature) of the resulting imine over palladium on activated carbon, (10%, 54 mg) for 5 hours provided 0.452 g of a yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in CH₃CN (35 mL), treated with N-[1-methylene-4-chloromethylenephenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.8168 g, 1.89 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.546 g, 3.95 mmol) and heated to reflux for 24 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) and water (20 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the crude material by column chromatography on silica gel (10:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH) provided 0.90 g of a yellow solid.

Using general procedures C and D: the yellow solid from above (0.90 g, 1.39 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.85 mL, 8.28 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.949 g, 14.10 mmol) in CH₃CN (25 mL). Purification of the crude material by radial chromatography on silica gel (4 mm plate, 20:1:1 CH₂Cl₂-CH₃OH-NH₄OH) provided the free base of the title compound (0.67 g) as a yellow oil. Conversion of the free base to a hydrobromide salt gave AMD8768 (0.89 g) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.55-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.98 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.11 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.86 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 3.98 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.31 (d, 2H, J=5.1 Hz), 4.38 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 7.42 (s, 4H), 7.72 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 6.0 Hz), 7.85-8.04 (m, 4H), 8.18 (br d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.42-8.48 (m, 3H), 8.64 (dd, 1H, J=5.7, 0.9 Hz), 8.78 (br d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 17.61, 24.02, 27.39, 34.64, 48.06, 51.54, 56.11, 58.04, 58.94, 124.84, 126.43, 127.54, 127.73, 127.88, 136.08, 130.81 (2 carbons), 131.19 (2 carbons), 138.42, 138.93, 139.12, 142.10, 145.19, 145.85, 146.42, 146.91, 147.41, 153.19, 153.37. ES-MS m/z 464 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₀H₃₃N₅.4.7HBr.3.2H₂O: C, 39.97; H, 4.93; N, 7.77; Br, 41.66. Found: C, 40.04; H, 4.98; N, 7.63; Br, 41.69.

Example 89 AMD8767: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′[(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-yl)methyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Using similar procedures to those described above: Cyclopentenopyridine gave 7-(aminomethyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.50 (br s, 2H, NH ₂), 1.81-1.93 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.82-3.12 (m, 4H), 3.22 (quintet, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.04 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz), 7.49 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 8.36 (d, 1H, J=4.8. Hz).

Reaction of 7-(aminomethyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine, pyridine-2 carboxaldehyde and N-[1-methylene-4-chloromethylenephenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine using similar procedures to those described above gave AMD8767 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.14-2.22 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.99-3.07 (m, 3H), 3.25 (dd, 1H, J=13.2, 6.0 Hz), 3.89-3.99 (m, 2H), 4.04 (d, 1H, J=9.9 Hz), 4.32 (d, 2H, J=3 Hz), 4.34 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 7.37-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.72-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.94 (m, 3H), 8.28-8.44 (m, 4H), 8.61 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 1.2 Hz), 8.75 (dd, 1H, J=5.1, 1.2 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 33.64, 33.82, 46.86, 53.12, 56.25, 61.12, 62.10, 63.99, 130.47, 131.02, 132.10, 132.25, 132.27, 135.06, 135.57 (2 carbons), 136.06 (2 carbons), 142.65, 143.27, 147.36, 148.13, 149.85, 150.01, 150.44, 151.01, 151.61, 158.11, 164.21; ES-MS m/z 450 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₁N₅.4.7HBr.3.3H₂O: C, 39.17; H, 4.79; N, 7.87; Br, 42.23. Found: C, 39.07; H, 4.58; N, 7.66; Br, 42.46.

Example 90 AMD8838: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a stirred solution of N-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (328 mg, 0.66 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added methoxyacetic acid (0.15 mL, 1.95 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.35 mL, 2.01 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (135 mg, 1.00 mmol) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide HCl (EDC) (191 mg, 1.00 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (30 mL) and the organic phase dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5) gave the intermediate amide (345 mg, 92%) as a pale yellow foam.

To a stirred solution of the amide from above (345 mg, 0.61 mmol) in dry toluene (5 mL) was added a 70% w/w solution of sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride in toluene (0.59 mL, 2.04 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 40 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with 1 N HCl (5 mL) and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was partitioned between 1 N NaOH (25 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and the aqueous layer washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:5:0 followed by 95:4:1) afforded the reduced tertiary amine (166 mg, 49%) as a clear oil.

To a stirred solution of the tertiary amine (116 mg, 0.21 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (1 mL) was added an HBr saturated solution of acetic acid (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 h. Diethyl ether (20 mL) was added resulting in the formation of a white precipitate. The solid was allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask and the supernatant solution was decanted off. The solid was washed by decantation with ether (4×10 mL) and the remaining traces of solvent removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The HBr salt was then re-dissolved in MeOH (1 mL) and partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and 1 N NaOH (30 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×15 mL) and the combined organic layers dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude free amine as a brown oil. Purification of the crude amine by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 92:8) gave the free base of the title compound as a colorless oil. Using general procedure D: Conversion of the free base (23 mg, 0.042 mmol) to a hydrobromide salt followed by re-precipitation of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8838 as a white solid (39 mg, quantitative). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.79-1.83 (br m, 1H), 2.04-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.89 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 3.32-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.77 (td, 1H, J=8.7, 3.0 Hz), 4.21 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.34 (d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 4.40 (s, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.71-4.73 (m, 1H), 7.44 (dd, 1H, J=8.0, 5.0 Hz), 7.55 (br s, 4H), 7.73-7.81 (m, 3H), 8.24 (td, 1H, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz), 8.49 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 8.70 (d, 1H, J=5.0 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.37, 20.79, 27.36, 49.04, 50.22, 51.24, 54.81, 58.59, 61.95, 66.63, 124.96, 126.67 (2 carbons), 131.29 (4 carbons), 131.96, 133.67, 136.52, 140.97, 143.58, 145.61, 146.70, 147.73, 149.14. ES-MS m/z 417 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₆H₃₂N₄O.4.0HBr.2.2H₂O: C, 40.04; H, 5.22; N, 7.18; Br, 40.98. Found: C, 40.11; H, 5.28; N, 7.08; Br, 40.96.

Example 91 AMD8871: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of N-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine (641 mg, 1.30 mmol) and 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (646 mg, 3.89 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.45 mL, 2.59 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (265 mg, 1.96 mmol) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide HCl (EDC) (360 mg, 1.88 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 hours. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4) gave the desired amide (688 mg, 77%) as a yellow foam. Using general procedure D: the diethoxyphosphoryl group was removed with HBr/acetic acid to give the amino-amide (591 mg, 78%) as a yellow foam.

To a stirred solution of the amine (591 mg, 1.17 mmol) in dry CH₃CN (5 mL) was added allyl bromide (0.16 mL, 1.9 mmol) and powdered potassium carbonate (378 mg, 2.74 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and water (25 mL) and the aqueous layer washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 96:4) afforded the N-allyl-protected amide (600 mg, 94%) as an orange foam.

To a solution of the N-allyl amide (600 mg, 1.10 mmol) in dry toluene (5 mL) was added a 70% w/w solution of sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride in toluene (0.95 mL, 3.29 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 4.5 h. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5 to 9:1) afforded the tertiary amine (222 mg, 38%) as a pale yellow oil.

To a stirred solution of the N-allyl-protected amine in dry CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) (150 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (12 mg, 0.01 mmol) and N,N′-dimethylbarbituric acid (132 mg, 0.85 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 20 hours. The reaction was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL) and the aqueous layer washed with CH₂Cl₂ (2×15 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH, 95:5:0 followed by 94:5:1) afforded the free base of the title compound (44 mg, 32%) as an orange oil. Using general procedure D: the free base (44 mg, 0.089 mmol) was converted to a hydrobromide salt. Re-precipitation of the crude material from methanol/ether gave AMD8871 (69 mg, 91%) as a beige solid.

¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 1.80-1.84 (br m, 1H), 2.00-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.50 (br m, 1H), 2.83-2.94 (br m, 4H), 3.29-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.69 (br m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 4.15-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.39 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.45 (d, 1H, J=13.2 Hz), 4.60 (s, 2H), 4.79 (s, 2H, overlap with HOD), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.97 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.32-7.35 (br m, 3H), 7.44-7.46 (br m, 2H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.84-7.96 (m, 2H), 8.32-8.40 (br m, 2H), 8.75 (br s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 20.41, 20.98, 27.19, 30.26, 48.31, 51.38, 52.16, 54.61, 55.91, 62.38, 114.98 (2 carbons), 124.78, 127.38, 127.54, 128.08, 130.81 (2 carbons), 131.35 (4 carbons), 131.93, 132.20, 135.60, 139.69, 145.39, 145.50, 146.60, 146.63, 148.28, 158.59. ES-MS m/z 493 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₃₂H₃₆N₄O.3.9HBr.1.6H₂O: C, 45.92; H, 5.19; N, 6.69; Br, 37.23. Found: C, 46.13; H, 5.04; N, 6.57; Br, 36.90.

Example 92 AMD8844: Preparation of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-(5;6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (1.25 g, 3.8 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added 2-aminomethylpyridine (0.400 mL, 3.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and then evaporated to afford the corresponding imine in quantitative yield. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.44 (s, 9H), 4.47 (m, 2H), 4.60 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.61 (dd, 1H, J=7.1, 6.8 Hz), 7.80 (d, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 9.98 (s, 1H).

To a cooled (0° C.) solution of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (266 mg, 2.0 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added nBuLi (1.5 mL of a 1.5M solution in hexanes, 2.5 mmol) over 5 minutes. The resulting bright crimson solution was then stirred at 0° C. for one hour, then a freshly prepared solution of anhydrous cerium trichloride in THF (8 mL of a 0.25M solution, 2 mmol) was added over ten minutes. The solution was stirred at 0° C. for a further 60 minutes, during which time, the reaction turned a brick red colour. A solution of the imine (832 mg, 2.0 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was then added over 10 minutes. The resulting deep violet solution was stirred at 0° C. for three hours. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride was then added, and the mixture was extracted repeatedly with dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were dried, filtered and evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (5% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired product (518 mg, 44%).

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above was converted to a hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to afford AMD8844 (81 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ: 1.44 (m, 4H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 1H), 4.11 (dq, 2H, J=15.0, 3.1 Hz), 4.26 (m, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.50 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.65 (t, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 7.83 (m, 2H), 8.06 (t, 1H, J=6.8 Hz), 8.19 (m, 2H), 8.40 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 8.59 (m, 3H), 8.81 (d, 1H, J=5.8 Hz); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 19.20, 24.73, 27.57, 65.76, 125.18, 126.85, 128.06, 128.43, 128.95, 129.26, 130.83, 131.46, 138.90, 139.12, 139.61, 142.01, 143.76, 145.08, 147.39, 148.06, 151.65, 152.45. ES-MS m/z 450 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₉H₃₁N₅.4.7 HBr.3.0H₂O: C, 39.41; H, 4.75; N, 7.92; Br, 42.49. Found: C, 39.64; H, 4.65; N, 7.59; Br, 42.29.

Example 93

Methods for Parallel Solution Phase Combinatorial Synthesis of Analogs from the Following Intermediates:

-   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. -   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine. -   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. -   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine.

Target compounds were prepared by parallel solution phase combinatorial synthesis via a two-step procedure. (a) Reaction of the intermediate amines from above (0.45 mmol scale) with commercially available aldehydes and ketones and sodium cyanoborohydride in methanol; (b) deprotection of the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl group by reaction of the intermediate from step (a) with thiophenol and DBU in DMF; (c) purification.

Step (a): Reductive Amination Procedure (0.45 mmol).

Reaction: 0.5 mmol (1.11 eq.) of aldehyde or ketone was weighed into a 20 mL scintillation vial containing a small amount of activated molecular sieve. 0.5 mL of 0.9M solution (1.0 eq.) of intermediate amine (in MeOH) was added, followed by 1 mL of a 0.6M solution of sodium cyanoborohydride in MeOH (1.33 eq.). The reaction was then diluted to 4 mL with MeOH. Finally, 0.5 mL of 1M acetic acid (in MeOH) was added. The reaction mixture was shaken (on an orbital shaker) for 48 hours.

Work-up: 0.5 mL of 1M sodium borohydride (in MeOH) was added to convert any unreacted carbonyl to the corresponding alcohol. After 15 min., the reaction was quenched with 4 mL of 2N HCl. The reaction mixture was shaken in a fume hood for 15 minutes. 2 mL of 7N NaOH was then added, followed by 5 mL of methylene chloride. After shaking for 20 minutes the organic layer was separated and evaporated (ambient temperature vacuum centrifuge for 4 hours).

Alternative Reductive Amination Procedure.

This procedure was used with all aldehydes that incorporated a pyrrole, indole, benzimidazole or imidazole functionality (0.45 mmol scale).

Reaction: 0.9 mmol (2.0 eq.) of aldehyde was weighed into a 20 mL scintillation vial containing a small amount of activated molecular sieve. 0.5 mL of 0.9M solution (1.0 eq.) of the intermediate amine (in trimethylorthoformate) was added. A further 2.5 mL of triethylorthoformate was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Solid sodium cyanoborohydride was then added (2.25 mmol, 5 eq.) followed by 0.05 mL of acetic acid, and the mixture was shaken for 48 hours.

Work-up: 0.5 mL of 1M sodium borohydride (in MeOH) was added to convert any unreacted carbonyl compound to the corresponding alcohol. After 30 minutes the reaction was quenched by slow addition of 2N HCl (3 mL). The reaction mixture was shaken in a fume hood for 15 minutes. 2 mL of 7N NaOH was added followed by 5 mL of methylene chloride. After shaking for 20 minutes the organic layer was separated and evaporated (ambient temperature vacuum centrifuge for 4 hours).

The reaction products were deprotected without further purification.

Step B: Deprotection of the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl Group

Reaction: 1.5 mmol (3.33 eq.) of DBU and 0.75 mmol (1.67 eq.) of thiophenol were dissolved in 2.5 mL DMF were added to each crude reaction product and stirred at room temperature for 14 hours.

Work-up: 2 mL of water and 2 mL of methylene chloride were added to the mixture and shaken for 20 minutes. The organic layer was separated into 4 equal parts in 1 dram vials and evaporated (ambient temperature vacuum centrifuge for 20 hours).

Two Methods were Used to Purify the Samples:

Step C: Purification by Parallel Preparative HPLC.

3 of the four 1 dram vials for each sample were purified by high-throughput preparative HPLC parallel purification process using a Biotage Parallex instrument. The crude, de-protected material was dissolved in 1 mL of a mixture of 65:35 DMF/water.

The 1 mL solution was loaded into the injection loop of the HPLC which already contained starting eluent (water/acetonitrile, 90/10). A 100×20 mm YMC C18 120 A column was used and fractions were collected by monitoring at 254 and 307 nm. A gradient of 90/10H₂O/CH₃CN to 100% CH₃CN over 8 minutes at a flow rate of 35 mL/minute was used. Each run was followed by a 3 minute equilabration/wash with 50/50H₂O/CH₃CN. Each fraction was analyzed by ES FI-MS for the target compound, and the purity of fractions containing the desired products were determined by LC-MS.

Step C: Purification by Traditional Preparative HPLC.

One vial each of the crude products were purified on a Waters 600 Delta Prep instrument. The crude de-protected material was dissolved in 80:20 methylene chloride/MeOH at a concentration of ca. 75 mg/100 μL. The 100 μL sample was injected onto a 100×20 mm YMC C18 120 A column, and fractions were collected by UV monitoring at 254 nm and a 8% threshold trigger. Flow rate 10 mL/min; gradient of 80/20H₂O/CH₃CN to 100% CH₃CN over 20 minutes, isocratic at 100% CH₃CN from 20-30 min, then back to 80/20 from 30-36 minutes. Each fraction was analyzed by ES FI-MS and % purity of fractions containing desired product was further determined by LC-MS.

Products Exhibiting a Sample Purity of Greater then 90% by LC-MS were Considered Suitable for Testing.

Example 94

Methods for Parallel Solution Phase Combinatorial Synthesis of Analogs from the Following Intermediates:

-   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. -   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine. -   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine. -   N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine.

Target compounds were prepared by parallel solution phase combinatorial synthesis via a two-step procedure. (a) Reaction of the intermediate amines from above (0.5 mmol scale) with commercially available aldehydes and ketones and sodium cyanoborohydride in methanol with a catalytic volume of acetic acid; (b) deprotection of the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl group by reaction of the intermediate from step (a) with thiophenol and K₂CO₃ in acetonitrile.

Step A:

Reaction: To the pre-weighed amine intermediate from above (0.5 mmol) and the aldehyde or ketone (1.5 equiv.) was added MeOH (5 mL), acetic acid (0.1 mL) and molecular sieves and the reaction vial was shaken for 12 hours. Sodium cyanoborohydride (1.5 equiv.) was then added and the reaction vial was shaken for 96 hours.

Work-up: To the vial is added, 2N NaOH (2 mL) and the solution is extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×5 mL) with shaking for 30 mins and separation of the organic phases, followed by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure (speed vac).

Step B:

The intermediate from above is reacted with thiophenol (5.0 equiv.) and powdered potassium carbonate (8.0 equiv.) in acetonitrile (10 mL) with shaking for 4 hours. The solvent was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure (Savant Speed Vac Plus: SC210A) for 12 hours at room temperature. Dichloromethane (5 mL) and water (5 mL) were then added to the residue, the phases were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×5 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (5 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure (Savant Speed Vac Plus) for 24 hours at room temperature.

The crude reaction products were analyzed by HPLC with multiple post-column detection: positive mode electrospray MS (API 150MCA), UV at 254 nm and evaporative light scattering (ELS). Chromatography conditions were as follows: Column: Monitor C8, 30×4.6 mm id; flow rate 1200 μL/min.; Solvent A: H₂O w/5 mM NH₄OAc and Solvent B: acetonitrile with 5 mM NH₄OAc. Gradient (A/B): 90/10(t=0), 10/90 (t=8 min), 10/90 (t=9.5 min), 90/10 (10.25 min), 90/10 (t=11 min).

Compounds exhibiting a molecular ion (MS) for the desired target compound and an ELS purity of greater than 90% were plated for testing. Compounds exhibiting an ELS purity of less than 90% were purified by preparative HPLC using either of the two following conditions:

Preparative HPLC Purification: Condition 1 Solvent A H₂O/NH₄OAc Solvent B CH₃CN Wash 50:50 MeOH/CH₃CN UV2 254 nm UV1 307 nm Inj. Vol.  1 mL Inj. Loop Vol.  2 mL Column 250 × 20 mm id; C18 Step Starting Ending Duration No. Action B % B % (min) Flow Rate 1 Equilibration 15 15 0.30 30 mL/min 2 Injection 10 10 0.27 30 mL/min 3 Gradient 10 100 5.30 35 mL/min 4 Gradient 100 100 1.30 35 mL/min 5 Gradient 100 10 0.10 35 mL/min 6 Gradient 10 10 2.00 35 mL/min

Preparative HPLC Purification: Condition 2 Solvent A H₂O Solvent B CH₃CN UV1 254 nm UV2 219 nm Inj. Loop Vol. 2 mL Inj. Vol. 1 mL Column 100 × 20 mm id; C18, 120A Time A % B % Flow Rate  0 90 10 20 mL/min 21 0 100 20 mL/min 24 0 100 20 mL/min

Peaks corresponding to the molecular ion of the desired compound were collected and evaporated under reduced pressure (Speed Vac) and weighed.

The following compounds (Examples 95-191) were prepared by the procedures described in working Examples 93 and 94. A summary of structures and observed molecular ions (LC-MS analysis) for Examples 95-191 are shown in Table 2.

Example 95 AMD7129: N-[(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimeihanamine Example 96 AMD7130: N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido)-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 97 AMD7131: N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 98 AMD7136: N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-oyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 99 AMD7138: N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 100 AMD7140: N-[(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 101 AMD7141: N-[(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 102 AMD7142: N-[(4-acetamidophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 103 AMD7145: N-[(4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 104 AMD7147: N-[(1-methyl-2-carboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 105 AMD7151: N-[(4-benzyloxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 106 AMD7155: N-[(thiophene-2-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 107 AMD7156: N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 108 AMD7159: N-[[1-methyl-3-(pyrazol-3-yl)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 109 AMD7160: N-[1-(phenyl)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 110 AMD7164: N-[(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 111 AMD7166: N-[1-benzyl-3-carboxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 112 AMD7167: N-[(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 113 AMD7168: N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 114 AMD7169: N-[[1-methyl-2-(2-tolyl)carboxamido]ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 115 AMD7171: N-[(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolinone-4-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 116 AMD7172: N-[(4-propoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 117 AMD7175: N-(1-phenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazolin-4-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 118 AMD7177: N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 119 AMD7180: N-[(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 120 AMD7182: N-[(3-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 121 AMD7184: N-[(3-cyanophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 122 AMD7185: N-(5-ethylthiophene-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 123 AMD7186: N-(5-ethylthiophene-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 124 AMD7187: N-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 125 AMD7188: N-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 126 AMD7189: N-[(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 127 AMD7195: N-(2-difluoromethoxyphenylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 128 AMD7196: N-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 129 AMD7197: N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido)₄-piperidinyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 130 AMD7198: N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 131 AMD7199: N-[1-(3-pyridinecarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 132 AMD7200: N-[1-(cyclopropylcarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 133 AMD7201: N-[1-(1-phenylcyclopropylcarboxamido)₄-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 134 AMD7202: N-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 135 AMD7203: N-[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carboxamido]-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 136 AMD7204: N-[1-(2-thiomethylpyridine-3-carboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 137 AMD7207: N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 138 AMD7208: N-(1-methylpyrrol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 139 AMD7209: N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 140 AMD7212: N-[(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 141 AMD7216: N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 142 AMD7217: N-[2-(N″-morpholinomethyl)-1-cyclopentyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 143 AMD7220: N-[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 144 AMD7222: N-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 145 AMD7223: N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 146 AMD7228: N-[[(1-phenyl-3-(N″-morpholino)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 147 AMD7229: N-[1-(iso-propyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 148 AMD7230: N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)4-piperidinyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 149 AMD7231: N-[(1-methyl-3-pyrazolyl)propyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 150 AMD7235: N-[1-methyl-2-(N″,N″-diethylcarboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 151 AMD7236: N-[(1-methyl-2-phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 152 AMD7238: N-[(2-chloro-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 153 AMD7239: N-[1-methyl-2-[N″-(4-chlorophenyl)carboxamido]ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 154 AMD7241: N-(1-acetoxyindol-3-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 155 AMD7242: N-[(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 156 AMD7244: N-(3-quinolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 157 AMD7245: N-[(8-hydroxy)-2-quinolylmethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 158 AMD7247: N-(2-quinolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 159 AMD7249: N-[(4-acetamidophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 160 AMD7250: N-[1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 161 AMD7251: N-(3-quinolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 162 AMD7252: N-(2-thiazolylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 163 AMD7253: N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-henzenedimethanamine Example 164 AMD7254: N-[(5-benzyloxy)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 165 AMD7256: N-(1-methylpyrazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 166 AMD7257: N-[(4-methyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 167 AMD7259: N-[[(4-dimethylamino)-1-napthalenyl]methyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 168 AMD7260: N-[1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolinone-4-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 169 AMD7261: N-[1-[(1-acetyl-2-(R)-prolinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 170 AMD7262: N-[1-[2-acetamidobenzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 171 AMD7270: N-[(2-cyano-2-phenyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 172 AMD7272: N-[(N″-acetyltryptophanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 173 AMD7273: N-[(N″-benzoylvalinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 174 AMD7274: N-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 175 AMD7275: N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 176 AMD7276: N-(1-methylbenzimadazol-2-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 177 AMD7277: N-[1-butyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 178 AMD7278: N-[1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 179 AMD7290: N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 180 AMD7309: N-[(1-methyl)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 181 AMD7311: N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 182 AMD7359: N-[1-(benzyl)4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 183 AMD7374: N-[1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 184 AMD7379: N-[(2-phenyl)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 185 AMD9025: N-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine Example 186 AMD9031: N-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylmethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 187 AMD9032: N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 188 AMD9039: N-[(2-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]pyridin-9-yl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 189 AMD9045: N-(benzyloxyethyl)-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 190 AMD9052: N-[(2-ethoxy-1-naphthalenyl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 191 AMD9053: N-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine Example 192

96-well Plating Procedure

Solutions of test compounds (20 μM) were prepared in acetonitrile/methanol (1:1) using a pump dispenser. 5 μmoles of each compound were then dispensed into a single well of a Costar 96-well plate by a Packard Multiprobe II-Ex Robotoc liquid handling system. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure on a Savant Speed Vac for 12 hours at room temperature.

Example 193

Inhibition of Chemokine Induced Ca Flux Measured on a FLIPR (Molecular Devices)

Reagents:

Loading dye: Fluo-3, AM (Molecular Probes F-1241) is dissolved in anhydrous DMSO and stored frozen in aliquots. To increase the solubility of the dye in the loading medium, 10% (w/v) pluronic acid (Molecular Probes F-127) is added to the Fluo-3 stock solution immediately before use.

Flux Buffer:

HBSS+20 mM Hepes buffer+0.2% BSA, pH 7.4. HBSS 10×[(w/o phenol red and sodium bicarbonate (Gibco 14 065-049)]; Hepes buffer 1M (Gibco 15 630-056), BSA (Sigma A3675). The flux buffer is vacuum-filtered and stored refrigerated for a maximum of 5 days. Before use in the experiment, the buffer is warmed at 37° C. in a waterbath.

Antagonists:

The test compounds were diluted in flux buffer and added to 4 wells of a black microplate (4 parallel measurements per compound). The following control wells were used: 100% response control (no inhibition), flux buffer was added; 100% inhibition control: chemokine was added at 5-times the concentration required to induce a Ca flux.

Preparation of the Agonist (Chemokine) Plate

The chemokines are diluted in flux buffer to concentrations that are 4-fold higher than the desired concentrations required for stimulation of the cells (i.e. 2.5 nM for SDF-1α and 0.6 nM for RANTES). The chemokines were added to untreated 96-well Sero well compound plates (International Medical, Sterilin code 611F96). In the negative control well's (baseline monitoring), flux buffer is added instead of chemokine. As a positive control to check for dye loading efficiency, 20 μM digitonin (final concentration) was also included. The agonist plate was incubated in the FLIPR (37° C.) for 15-30 min.

Cell Loading Protocol for Measuring Inhibition of SDF-1α Induced Ca Flux in SUP-T1 Cells.

SUP-T1 cells were centrifuged at room temperature (RT) and re-suspended in loading medium (RPMI-1640 containing 2% FBS and 4 μM Fluo-3, AM). The cells were incubate at room temperature for 45 min. then washed twice in flux buffer then incubated in flux buffer at room teperature for 10 min. The cells were centrifuged and re-suspended in flux buffer at a density of 3×10⁶ cells per mL. A 100 μL aliquot of the cell suspension (3×10⁵ cells) was added to each well of a black microplate (Costar 3603), which already contains 50 μL of a solution of the test compound (at concentrations that are 3-fold higher than the desired final compound concentrations). The microplate is then gently centrifuged at room temperature. Homogeneous spreading of the cells on the bottom of the microplate wells was then confirmed with a microscope and the microplate was incubated in the FLIPR (37° C.) for 10 min. prior to testing.

Fluorescence Measurements as a Function of Time on the FLIPR

The FLIPR settings (camera exposure time and laser power) are adjusted to obtain initial fluorescence values between 8,000 and 10,000 units. After monitoring a 20 second-baseline, the agonist (chemokine) (50 μL) is added by automatic pipettor with black pipette tips. Fluorescence is measured simultaneously in all wells of the microplate every 2 seconds (first 2 min) and thereafter every 6 seconds (additional 2 min). The average ca-flux measured in each set of 4 identical wells (one test compound) was calculated by the FLIPR software.

The compounds of the current invention were tested for inhibition of SDF-1α induced Ca flux in SUP-T1 cells using the method described above. The following compounds inhibited SDF-1α induced Ca flux greater than 20% at 20 μg/mL:

Example numbers: 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23 (both isomers), 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, 37, 41, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 60, 66, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 92,

The following compounds inhibited SDF-1α induced Ca flux greater than 20% at 20 μM:

Example numbers: 97, 98, 129, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 142, 145, 146, 147, 150, 160, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 177, 178, 180, 182, 183, 184.

Example 194

Cell Loading Protocol for Measuring Inhibition of RANTES Induced Ca Flux in U87.CCR5 Cells.

U87.CCR5 cells were seeded into the black microplates (Costar 3603) on the day before the experiment. The culture medium was removed from the cells and 100 μL of loading medium (DMEM+10% FBS+4 μM Fluo-3, AM) was added to each well and the plate was incubate at 37° C. for 45 min. The loading medium was then removed an the cells were washed twice with flux buffer using the CELLWASH microplate washer (Labsystems) followed by incubation in flux buffer for 10 min. at room temperature (the washing procedure was repeated twice). Finally, the wash buffer was removed from the microplate wells and 150 μL of the test compound, diluted in flux buffer to the desired concentration. The microplate was then incubated in the FLIPR drawer for 10 min. prior to testing. Measurements were performed as described above.

The compounds of the current invention were tested for inhibition of RANTES induced Ca flux in U87.CCR5 cells. The following compounds inhibited RANTES induced Ca flux greater than 20% at 20 μg/mL:

Example numbers: 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 16, 22, 24, 25, 30, 38, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52, 67, 68, 71, 73, 76, 77.

The following compounds inhibited RANTES induced Ca flux greater than 20% at 20 μM.

Example numbers: 108, 109, 114, 118, 168, 170, 179.

Example 195

Assay for Inhibition of HIV-1 (NL4.3) Replication in MT-4 Cells.

Inhibition of HIV-1 NL4.3 (or III_(B)) replication assays were performed as previously described (Bridger et al. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 3971-3981; De Clercq et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 1992, 89, 5286-5290; De Clercq et al. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1994, 38, 668-674; Bridger et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 366-378). Anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity measurements were carried out in parallel. They were based on the viability of MT-4 cells that had been infected with HIV in the presence of various concentrations of the test compounds. After the MT-4 cells were allowed to proliferate for 5 days, the number of viable cells was quantified by a tetrazolium-based colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) procedure in 96-well microtrays. In all of these assays, viral input (viral multiplicity of infection, MOI) was 0.01, or 100 times the 50% cell culture infective dose (CCID₅₀). The EC₅₀ was defined as the concentration required to protect 50% of the virus-infected cells against viral cytopathicity.

When compounds of the current invention were tested for inhibition of HIV-1 NL4.3 or III_(B) replication in MT-4 cells, the following compounds exhibited EC₅₀'s of less than 20 μg/mL:

Examples numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23 (both isomers), 24, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 58, 61, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91, 92.

When compounds of the current invention were tested for inhibition of HIV-1 NL4.3 or III_(B) replication in MT-4 cells, the following compounds exhibited EC₅₀'s of less than 20 μM:

Example numbers: 95, 96, 101, 102, 103, 105, 112, 113, 115, 116, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 151, 153, 157, 158, 166, 170, 171, 176.

Example 196

Assay for Inhibition of HIV-1 (BaL) Replication in PBMC's.

When compounds of the current invention were tested for inhibition of HIV-1 BaL (CCR5 using) replication in PHA-stimulated PBMC's (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) using the MTT assay, the following compounds exhibited EC₅₀'s of less than 20 μg/mL:

Example numbers: 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 42, 43, 58, 66, 71, 88, 91.

TABLE 3 EXAMPLE 197 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl] phenyl]methyl]guanidine AMD7074: EXAMPLE 198 N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-1,4- AMD7076: benzenedimethanamine EXAMPLE 199 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl] AMD7078: methyl]homopiperazine EXAMPLE 200 1-[[3-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl] AMD7079: methyl]homopiperazine EXAMPLE 201 trans and cis-1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]- AMD7103 and 3,5-piperidinediamine 7104: EXAMPLE 202 N,N′-[1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene)]bis-4-(2-pyrimidyl) piperazine AMD3597: EXAMPLE 203 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-1-(2- AMD3602: pyridinyl)methylamine EXAMPLE 204 2-(2-pyridinyl)-5-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]-1,2,3,4- AMD3667: tetrahydroisoquinoline. EXAMPLE 205 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,4- AMD7428: diaminopyrrolidine EXAMPLE 206 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,4- AMD7485: diacetylaminopyrrolidine EXAMPLE 207 8-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2,5,8-triaza- AMD8665: 3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane EXAMPLE 208 8-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2,5,8- AMD8773: triazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane

Example 197 AMD7074: Preparation of 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]guanidine (hydrobromide salt) α-Bromo-p-toluamide

α-Bromo-p-toluic acid (8.00 g, 37.2 mmol) was stirred as a suspension in CCl₄ (80 mL) while thionyl chloride (6.8 mL, 93 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at reflux under nitrogen atmosphere for 95 h., then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (150 mL), and NH₃(g) was passed through the solution for 10 min, giving a light yellow precipitate. 5% NaHCO₃(aq) (70 mL) was added, the mixture was stirred vigorously, and the precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with H₂O and dried at 60° C. under reduced pressure to give a colourless solid (7.35 g, 92%).

N-(Diethoxyphosphoryl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine

A solution of 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (8.03 g, 74.3 mmol) and Et₃N (13.50 mL, 96.86 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (60 mL) was stirred at room temperature while a solution of diethyl chlorophosphate (Dep-Cl) (14.09 g, 81.66 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was heated to reflux for 21 h, allowed to cool, then washed with H₂O (50 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL), and the combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Diethyl ether (100 mL) was added to the residue giving a white precipitate, which was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo to give the product as an orange oil (18.04 g, 100%).

A solution of N-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (7.45 g, 30.5 mmol) in DMF (70 mL) was treated with 95% NaH (0.96 g, 38 mmol) and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of α-bromo-p-toluamide (6.40 g, 29.9 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added in one portion, and the solution was stirred for 1 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between 5% aqueous NaHCO₃ (25 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL). The organic phase was washed with 5% NaHCO₃ (25 mL). The combined aqueous phases were extracted with EtOAc (25 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (5×25 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the amide as a yellow oil (9.71 g, 86%).

1-[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methylamine

A 1.0 M BH₃ THF solution (150 mL, 150 mmol) was added to the amide (8.85 g, 23.5 mmol), and the solution was heated at reflux under nitrogen atmosphere for 3.5 h, then concentrated in vacuo. MeOH (50 mL) was added to the residue, then removed in vacuo (3×). Ethylene diamine (20 mL) was added to the residue, and the solution was stirred at 60° C. for 1 h. The solution was diluted with CHCl₃ (150 mL) and washed with H₂O (4×200 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on basic alumina (2% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give the title amine as a light yellow oil (3.03 g, 36%).

A heterogeneous mixture of the amine (140 mg, 0.385 mmol), 1H-pyrazole-1-carboxanidine hydrochloride (55 mg, 0.38 mmol), and DIEA (0.067 mL, 0.38 mmol) in THF (0.19 mL) was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. Diethyl ether (5 mL) was added to the mixture, then decanted (4×) to give a colourless oil that was dried in vacuo at room temperature to give the corresponding guanidine hydrochloride salt (170 mg, 100%).

Using general procedure D: A solution of the hydrochloride salt (170 mg, 0.38 mmol) was converted to the corresponding hydrobromide salt as a white solid (143 mg, 65% overall yield from the amine): ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 7.43 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 7.90 (m, 2H), 8.39 (m, 1H), 8.76 (m, 1H). FAB-MS 270 (M+H). Anal. Calcd for C₁₅H₁₉N₅.3.0HBr.0.8AcOH.0.8H₂O (574.54): C, 34.70; H, 4.70; N, 12.19; Br, 41.72. Found: C, 34.66; H, 4.73; N, 12.17; Br, 41.82.

Example 198 AMD7076: Preparation of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine(hydrobromide salt)

Tropinone Oxime

A heterogeneous mixture of tropinone (7.07 g, 50.8 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.53 g, 50.8 mmol), and pyridine (8.20 mL, 101 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) were heated at reflux for 50 min. The mixture was slightly cooled, treated with K₂CO₃ (21.24 g, 153.7 mmol) and H₂O (30 mL), then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with H₂O (30 mL), then extracted with CHCl₃ (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from 4:6 EtOAc/petroleum ether to give colourless crystals (5.18 g, 66%).

exo-Tropylamine(beta-tropylamine)

A solution of tropinone oxime (5.17 g, 33.5 mmol) in 1-pentanol (170 mL) was heated at 130° C. under nitrogen atmosphere and a reflux condenser while sodium (5.28 g, 230 mmol) was added portionwise over 1 hours. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature and stirring was continued for a further 17 hours. The solution was acidified with 6 M HCl (112 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (1×240 mL, 3×120 mL). The aqueous solution was basified to pH 14 using NaOH, then extracted with EtOAc (6×120 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (K₂CO₃) and concentrated in vacuo to give the amine as a yellow oil (3.49 g, 74%).

A solution of exo-tropylamine (596 mg, 4.25 mmol) and N-[1-methylene-4-(carboxaldehyde)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (1.74 g, 4.23 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was heated at reflux under nitrogen atmosphere for 2.5 hours. The solution was allowed to cool to 60° C. and NaBH₃CN (1.37 g, 21.8 mmol) was added, and the solution was stirred at 60° C. for 24 hours. The solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) and brine (25 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×25 mL), and the combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow solid (2.17 g, 96%).

The solid from above was dissolved in Et₃N (2.30 mL, 16.5 mmol) and CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2.68 g, 12.1 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was heated to reflux under nitrogen for 21 hours. Further portions of 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2.68 g, 12.1 mmol) and Et₃N (2.30 mL, 16.5 mmol) were added to the solution, and heating was continued for an additional 24 hours. The solution was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) and washed with H₂O (50 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×50 mL), and the combined organic phases were washed with brine (4×50 mL), then dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel using 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ to give a yellow solid (513 mg, 18%).

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above (252 mg, 0.350 mmol) was reacted with thiophenol (0.22 mL, 2.1 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (390 mg, 2.82 mmol) in CH₃CN (3.5 mL) and the mixture was heated at 50° C. under nitrogen atmosphere for 22 hours. The insoluble material was removed by filtration and washed with CH₂Cl₂. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by chromatography on basic alumina using CH₂Cl₂ and 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ to give a yellow oil (87 mg, 71%). Conversion to the hydrobromide salt using a saturated solution of HBr in methanol followed by drying of the solid at 60° C. under reduced pressure for 87 hours gave AMD7076 as beige solid (99 mg, 58%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.06-2.51 (m, 8H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 3.84 (m, 1H), 4.11 (br s, 2H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 7.59 (s, 4H), 7.82 (m, 2H), 8.29 (m, 1H), 8.74 (m, 1H). FAB-MS m/z 351 (M+H). Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₃₀N₄.4.0HBr.2.1H₂O (711.99): C, 37.11; H, 5.41; N, 7.87; Br, 44.89. Found: C, 37.19; H, 5.48; N, 7.79; Br, 44.90.

Example 199 AMD7078: Preparation of 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]homopiperazine (hydrobromide salt)

A mixture of K₂CO₃ (388.4 mg, 2.18 mmol), N-[1-methylene-4-(chloromethylene)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (Bridger et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/111/895) (404.6 mg, 0.937 mmol) and homopiperazine (281.5 mg, 2.18 mmol) in CH₃CN (25 mL) was heated to reflux with stirring overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and CH₂Cl₂. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ and the combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (40:2:1 or 20:2:1 CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH) to give the title compound (352.3 mg, 76%). ¹H (CDCl₃) δ 8.40 (d, 1H, J=6 Hz), 7.98 (d, 1H, J=9 Hz), 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.09 (m, 3H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 2.72-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.51 (s, 2H), 1.70-1.56 (m, 6H).

Using general procedures C and D: the intermediate from above gave AMD7078. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 8.75 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.33 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.90-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.61 (m, 4H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.79-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.49 (m, 4H), 2.33-2.29 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (D₂O): δ 147.6, 146.7, 143.9, 132.9, 132.6, 131.5, 130.5, 126.9, 126.8, 61.0, 54.3, 51.3, 50.3, 49.1, 45.1, 41.0, 21.0. ES-MS m/z 311 (M+H). Anal. calcd. for C₁₉H₂₆N₄.4HBr.1.2HOAc.0.7H₂O: C 35.76, H 5.08, N 7.79, Br 44.47; found C, 35.71; H, 5.40; N, 7.74, Br 44.56.

Example 200 AMD7079: Preparation of 1-[[3-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]homopiperazine (hydrobromide salt)

Using identical procedures to those described in Example 199, N-[1-methylene-3-(chloromethylene)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine gave AMD7079. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 8.72 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.24 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.60 (m, 4H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.76-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.61-3.48 (m, 4H), 2.30-2.28 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (D₂O): δ 147.9, 147.0, 142.5, 132.8, 132.7, 132.1, 131.6, 130.6, 126.5, 126.1, 126.0, 60.7, 53.8, 50.9, 49.9, 49.2, 44.7, 40.6, 20.7. ESMS: 311 (M+H). Anal calcd for C₁₉H₂₆N₄.4HBr.1.0C₄H₈O₂.2.3H₂O: C, 36.18; H, 5.62; N, 7.34, Br 41.85. Found: C 36.25, H 5.63, N 7.34, Br 41.85.

Example 201 AMD7103 and 7104: Preparation of trans and cis-1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,5-piperidinediamine(hydrobromide salts) 3,5-Diaminopyridine

2-Chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine (4.98 g, 24.46 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (500 mL) and 5% palladium on carbon (3.74 g, 0.75 g/g substrate) was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at 25° C. under 50 psi of hydrogen for 18 hrs. The mixture was filtered through celite to remove the catalyst and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification (silica gel, 20:2:1 CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH, followed by 12:2:1 CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH) gave 3,5-diaminopyridine (2.27 g, 85%) as a brown solid. ¹H (CD₃OD) δ 7.32 (d, 2H, J=2 Hz), 6.45-6.43 (m, 1H).

3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonylamino)pyridine

3,5-diaminopyridine (381.4 mg, 3.49 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) and K₂CO₃ (1.45 g, 10.5 mmol) was added, followed by ethyl chloroformate (1.0 mL, 10.5 mmol). The thick slurry was heated at reflux for 22 hrs. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was taken up in methanol and filtered through celite. Purification (silica gel, 9:1 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) gave the bis-carbamate (608 mg, 69%) as a light brown solid. ¹H (CD₃OD) δ 8.37 (s, 2H), 8.28-8.27 (m, 1H), 4.22 (q, 4H, J=7 Hz), 1.31 (t, 6H, J=7 Hz).

Cis and trans-3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperidine

The compound from above (5.09 g, 20.1 mmol) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (200 mL) and concentrated HCl (1.65 mL, 20.1 mmol) was added. After agitation of the solution, Platinum (IV) Oxide (1.60 g, 7.04 mmol) was added and the mixture was hydrogenated at 25° C. under 50 psi of hydrogen for 41 hrs. The solution was then heated to 50° C. and hydrogenated under 50 psi for an additional 20 hrs. An additional batch of the above intermediate (1.10 g, 4.34 mmol) was reduced by hydrogenating at 50° C. under 50 psi of hydrogen pressure for 22 hrs. The two batches were combined, filtered through celite and concentrated. The HCl salt was converted to the free base by stirring with K₂CO₃ (500 mg) in MeOH (50 mL). ¹H NMR analysis of the crude product indicated a ˜80:20 trans to cis mixture of piperidines. The two isomers were separated by column chromatography (silica gel, 20:2:1 CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH) to give the trans product (1.67 g, 26%) and cis product (205.5 mg, 3%).

trans-3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperidine: ¹H (CD₃OD). δ 4.09 (q, 4H, J=7 Hz), 3.58-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.05 (dd, 2H, J=12 Hz, 3 Hz), 2.18 (t, 3H, J=12 Hz), 1.22 (t, 5H, J=7 Hz).

cis-3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperidine. ¹H (CD₃OD) δ 4.07 (q, 4H, J-7 Hz), 3.73-3.3.66 (m, 2H), 2.87 (dd, 2H, J=13 Hz, 3 Hz), 2.63-2.56 (m, 2H), 1.79 (t, 2H, J=6 Hz), 1.24(t, 5H, J=7 Hz).

The intermediates from above were reacted with the intermediate and conditions described in Example 199. Using general procedures C and D: the nosyl group was deprotected with thiophenol and the corresponding amine intermediate was converted to the hydrobromide salt (HBr/acetic acid, 50° C.) with simultaneous deprotection of the ethoxycarbonyl groups to give the following compounds:

AMD7103: trans-1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,5-piperidinediamine(hydrobromide salt). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 8.78 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.38 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.96-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.65 (s, 4H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.20 (t, 2H, J=10 Hz), 2.69 (d, 1H, J=12 Hz), 1.95 (q, 1H, 12 Hz). ³C NMR (D₂O) δ 147.3, 146.4, 144.5, 132.9, 132.7, 131.5, 130.4, 127.2, 127.2, 61.5, 51.8, 51.4, 49.0, 44.0, 30.9. ES-MS m/z 326 (M+H).

AMD7104: cis-1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,5-piperidinediamine(hydrobromide salt). ¹H NMR (D₂O): δ 8.73 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz), 8.27 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz), 7.85-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.52 (s, 4H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.83-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.03 (d, 2H, J=11 Hz), 2.81-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.17 (t, 1H, J=6 Hz). ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 150.5, 149.5, 145.8, 140.1, 133.4, 133.3, 133.0, 129.2, 129.1, 63.6, 56.3, 53.9, 51.6, 47.4, 32.6. ES-MS m/z 326 (M+H). Anal. calcd. for C₁₉H₂₇N₅.5.6HBr.0.2H₂O: C, 29.18; H, 4.25; N, 8.95, Br 57.21; found C 29.36, H 4.61, N 8.76, Br 57.04.

Example 202 AMD3597: Preparation of N,N′-[1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene)]bis-4-(2-pyrimidyl) piperazine (hydrobromide salt)

Reaction of α,α′-dibromo-p-xylene with 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine dihydrochloride and potassium carbonate in acetonitrile in a similar manner to example 199, followed by conversion to the corresponding hydrobromide salt using general procedure D gave AMD3597. ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.80-3.70 (m, 16H), 4.32 (s, 4H), 6.79 (m, 2H), 7.50 (s, 4H), 8.38 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 41.92, 50.57, 60.13, 111.46, 130.29, 132.51, 153.94, 157.36. FAB-MS m/z 431 (M+H). Anal. Calcd for C₂₄H₃₀N₈.4HBr.2.5H₂O: C, 36.07; H, 4.92; N, 14.02; Br, 39.99. Found C, 36.04; H, 4.80; N, 13.91; Br, 39.94.

Example 203 AMD3602: Preparation of 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-1-(2-pyridinyl)methylamine(hydrochloride salt)

To a stirred solution of p-tolylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M solution in ether, 98 mL, 0.098 mol) cooled to 0° C. was added 2-cyanopyridine (5.1 g, 0.04 mol) in ether (90 mL) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 40 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature then quenched with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid/water (1:1, 30 mL). The mixture was stirred for twenty minutes and the ether layer was separated. The aqueous phase was made basic with aqueous 10 N NaOH (to pH 8) then extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to give the crude product as a yellow oil (6.69 g, 69%). This was used without further purification in the next step.

To the ketone from above (2.02 g, 0.01 mol) in a mixture of t-butanol (60 mL) and water (20 mL) was added KMnO4 (16.2 g, 0.1 mol) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered (hot) through celite, and the celite was washed with hot water and t-butanol. The combined filtrates were concentrated to small volume and extracted with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase was then acidified to pH4 during which time a white solid precipitated. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water then dried in vacuo to give the corresponding acid (1.69 g, 73%) as a white powder.

To a stirred solution of the acid from above (7.07 g, 0.03 mol) in DMF (80 mL), cooled to 0° C. was added hydroxybenzotriazole (4.21 g, 0.03 mol) and 2-(aminoethyl)pyridine (3.72 mL, 0.03 mol) followed by diisopropylcarbodiimide (4.88 mL, 0.03 mol) and the mixture was stirred at 4° C. for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was suspended in water and acidified to pH1 with aqueous HCl. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (6×100 mL) then made basic with 1N NaOH to pH 8. The basic phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (6×100 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give the crude product as a white solid (5.12 g).

To a solution of the ketone from above (2.55 g, 7.7 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL), water (17 mL) and pyridine (0.03 mol, 2.5 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.14 g, 0.03 mol) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature during which time a white solid precipitated. The solid was collected by filtration, re-crystallized from ethanol/water and dried in vacuo to give the corresponding oxime (2.12 g).

The oxime (2.0 g, 5.8 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (140 mL) and methanol (120 mL) containing Pd/C (Aldrich, 10%; 1.0 g) and the mixture was hydrogenated at 50 psi overnight. The mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated to give the amine as a white solid (1.88 g).

The amine (0.5 g, 1.51 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (15 mL) and a solution of BH₃.THF was added (Aldrich, 1.0 M solution in THF, 10 equivalents, 15.05 mL) and the mixture was heated to reflux with stirring overnight. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and evaporated. Anhydrous methanol was added (10 mL) and the mixture was evaporated (repeated 4 times). The residue was dissolved in ethylenediamine (10 mL) and the mixture was heated to 100° C. overnight. Upon cooling, water (10 mL) was added and the solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give an oil (0.205 g).

A portion of the crude product (140 mg) was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (93:7:1, CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH) to give a light yellow oil (100 mg). The oil was dissolved in ethanol and HCl(g) was passed through to give a precipitate which was collected by filtration. Trituration of the filtrate with ether gave a second crop of product (30 mg). The solids were combined and dried in vacuo to give AMD3602 as a pink solid (115 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 3.20-3.50 (m, 4H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 5.66 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.38 (m, 6H), 7.60-7.80 (m, 3H), 8.35 (m, 1H), 8.44 (m, 1H), 8.53 (m, 1H). FAB-MS m/z 319 (M+H, 100). Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₂N₄.4HCl.0.6 EtOH: C, 51.76; H, 6.06; N, 11.39. Found C, 52.16; H, 6.23; N, 11.73.

Example 204 AMD3667: Preparation of 2-(2-pyridinyl)-5-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (hydrobromide salt) 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride

To a stirred solution of 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (10.0 g, 66.2 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) at −78° C. was added a 1M solution of BBr₃ in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL, 3 eq.) and the solution was allowed to slowly warm to RT. After stirring for 3 h at RT the resulting precipitate was filtered off, washed with CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) and dried. The off-white solid was dissolved in cold H₂O (50 mL) and the insoluble material was filtered off. The acidic filtrate (pH 1.2) was made basic (pH 13.0) with 10 N NaOH and the resulting yellow solution was extracted with ether (100 mL) and the organic layer was discarded. The aqueous layer was re-acidified with conc. HCl to pH 1.5 and then made alkaline (pH 9-10) with conc. NH₄OH. The aqueous layer was then extracted with n-butanol (2×150 mL), dried (K₂CO₃) and concentrated to dryness to afford a viscous oil. The oily residue was then dissolved in MeOH (10 mL) and a solution of saturated HCl/MeOH was added. The solution was concentrated to small volume and ether was added to give a precipitate. The ether was decanted off to afford the desired compound as an off white solid (6.5 g, 57%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) 2.79 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.08 (t, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 6.60-6.78 (m, 3H), 7.11 (t, 1H, J=7.7 Hz).

To a stirred solution of 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride (4.0 g, 23.1 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) under argon at room temperature was added Et₃N (23.2 g, 231 mmol) followed by pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (2.47 g, 23.1 mmol) and the solution was stirred at 40° C. for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH; 90:10:1) to afford the crude product. The crude was re-purified by chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/NH₄OH; 95:5:0.5) to afford the desired product (580 mg, 11%) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 2.59 (dt, 1H, J=16.5, 4.2 Hz), 2.75-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.94-3.06 (m, 1H), 3.20 (dt, 1H, J=12.4, 5.0 Hz), 5.16 (s, 1H), 6.11 (d, 1H, J=1.9 Hz), 6.60-6.52 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.74 (m, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H, J=4.7 Hz).

To a stirred solution of the amine (550 mg, 2.43 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was added di-t-butyl dicarbonate (531 mg, 2.43 mmol) and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated to afford the product (700 mg, 80%) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) 1.42 (br s, 9H), 2.70-2.93 (br m, 2H), 3.78 (br s, 2H), 5.98 (br s, 1H), 6.55-6.61 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.22 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.75 (t, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 8.44 (d, 1H, J=4.2 Hz).

To a stirred solution of the phenol from above (230 mg, 0.71 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) cooled to 0° C. was added triflic anhydride (259 mg, 0.92 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0° C. and then for 16 h at room temperature. The solvent was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and washed with H₂O (2×25 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to give a dark oil (300 mg, 92%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 1.42 (br s, 9H), 2.86-3.03 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.78 (m, 1H), 4.08 (br s, 1H), 6.03-6.38 (m, 1H), 7.01-7.12 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.38 (br s, 1H), 7.62-7.71 (m, 1H), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz). This was used without further purification in the next step.

To a stirred solution of the triflate from above (300 mg, 0.66 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) was added excess 2-aminomethylpyridine (1.0 g, 9.2 mmol), PdCl₂ (4.6 mg, 4 mol %) and PPh₃ (13.7 mg, 8 mol %). The reaction mixture was the pressurized to 60 psi with CO (g) and stirred for 16 h at 100° C. The reaction mixture was then concentrated and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and washed with H₂O (2×25 mL), brine (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH; 95:5) afforded the desired compound (190 mg, 66%) as a viscous oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 1.41 (br s, 9H), 2.97 (br s, 2H), 3.75 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (br s, 1H), 4.72 (d, 2H, J=4.9 Hz), 6.13-6.34 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.61-7.74 (m, 5H), 8.16-8.58 (m, 2H).

To a stirred solution of the amide from above (160 mg, 0.36 mmol) in anhydrous THF (3 mL) was added BH₃.THF (1M solution in THF, Aldrich, 3.6 mL, 3.6 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, MeOH was added to the residue and the solution was evaporated once again. This procedure was repeated 5 times. ¹H NMR of the crude residue indicated that the product was obtained as a borane adduct. Thus, ethylene diamine (5 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, water (5 mL) was added and the pH was adjusted to pH 13 with 10 N NaOH. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to afford the crude product. Purification by preparative TLC on a silica gel plate (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 95:5) afforded the desired compound (18.3 mg, 12%) as a viscous oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 1.37 (br s, 9H), 2.92 (br s, 2H), 3.75 (br s, 1H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 4.01 (br s, 1H), 5.92-6.21 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.21 (m, 5H), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.37 (br s, 1H), 7.57-7.68 (m, 2H), 8.48-8.57 (m, 2H).

To a stirred solution of the Boc-amine from above (18.0 mg, 0.04 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (1 mL) was added a solution of freshly prepared HBr/glacial acetic acid (1 mL) and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Ether was then added, resulting in the formation of a white precipitate. The solid was washed with ether by decantation (3×) and dried in vacuo to afford AMD3667 as white solid (22 mg, 80%). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.97-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.49 (m, 2H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.14 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.85 (td, 1H, J=7.7, 1.7 Hz), 8.01 (td, 1H, J=7.7, 1.7 Hz), 8.41 (dd, 1H, J=5.7, 0.8 Hz), 8.50 (dd, 1H, J=5.7, 0.8 Hz). FAB-MS m/z 331 (M+H); Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₂₂N₄.4HBr.2H₂O: C, 36.55; H, 4.38; N, 8.12. Found C, 36.86; H, 4.41; N, 8.33.

Example 205 AMD7428: Preparation of 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,4-diaminopyrrolidine (hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of 3-pyrroline (1.0 g, 14.5 mmol) in 0° C. THF (50 mL) and water (20 mL) mixture was added di-tert-butyldicarbonate (4.75 g, 21.8 mmol) over a ten minute period. The resulting solution was then stirred for 3 hours, gradually warming to room temperature. Ethyl acetate (100 mL) was then added to the reaction, and the aqueous and organic layers were separated. Following extraction of the aqueous layer with a second portion of ethyl acetate, the combined organic fractions were washed with 10% citric acid and then brine. The solution was then dried and concentrated to afford N-Boc-3-pyrroline in quantitative yield.

The N-Boc-3-pyrroline (675 mg, 4.0 mmol) was then dissolved in anhydrous THF (8 ml). To this solution was added N-methylmorpholine oxide (468 mg, 4.0 mmol) and a solution of osmium tetroxide in t-butanol (1 mL of a 2.5% w/v solution). The resulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for four hours. A 5% sodium sulfite solution was then added to the reaction, along with 25 mL of diethyl ether. Following separation of the organic and aqueous layers, the organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, then brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the desired diol (418 mg, 51%).

To a cooled (0° C.) solution of N-Boc-3,4-pyrrolidinediol (2.53 g, 12.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 mL) was added triethylamine (7 mL, 50 mmol), and methanesulfonyl chloride (2.9 mL, 37.5 mmol). The mixture was then stirred, gradually warming to room temperature, for 90 minutes. The mixture was then washed with saturated ammonium chloride and brine, dried and concentrated to afford the crude mesylate as a white crystalline solid (2.93 g, 68%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.47 (s, 9H), 3.14 (br s, 3H), 3.66 (m, 2H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 5.16 (m, 2H). This material was used without further purification in the next step.

To a solution of the mesylate (345 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was added sodium azide (163 mg, 2.5 mmol). The mixture was then heated to 120° C. for 4 hours. After cooling the reaction to room temperature, ethyl acetate (50 mL) was added, and the organic layer was extracted repeatedly with water. The organic phase was dried and concentrated and the residue was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) in dichloromethane (2 mL) for 2 hours at room temperature. The solvents were then removed under vacuum to afford 3,4-diazidopyrrolidine in a 71% yield (for 2-steps) as the TFA salt. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 3.14 (dd, 2H, J=13.1, 6.2 Hz), 3.55 (dd, 2H, J=13.1, 6.6 Hz), 3.64 (br s, 1H), 4.27 (m, 2H).

To a solution of N-[1-methylene-4-(chloromethylene)phenylene]-N-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (692 mg, 2.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was added potassium carbonate (550 mg, 4.0 mmol) and the diazide TFA salt (2 mmol) from above. The resulting suspension was heated to 60° C. overnight. After cooling to room temperature, water and ethylacetate were added to the reaction. The organic and aqueous layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the desired product (697 mg, 48%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.41 (br m, 9H), 2.56 (d, 2H, J=12.2 Hz), 2.90 (d, 2H, J=12.2 Hz), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 4.43 (br s, 2H), 4.52 (br s, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.21 (s, 4H), 7.61 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=4.1 Hz).

1-[[4-[[(N-t-buytloxycarbonyl)(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,4-diaminopyrrolidine

To a solution of the intermediate diazide from above (138 mg, 0.298 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added Lindlar's catalyst (5% Pd on CaCO₃, 30 mg). The suspension was placed under 1 atm of hydrogen gas, and vigorously stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was then filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated to give the corresponding diamine in quantitative yield (122 mg). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.41 (br m, 9H), 2.30 (dd, 2H, J=9.6, 6.2 Hz), 3.03 (dd, 2H, J=9.6, 6.8), 3.56 (d, 2H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.63 (s, 2H), 4.43 (br s, 2H), 4.52 (br s, 2H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.35 (s, 4H), 7.83 (ddd, 1H, J=8.4, 8.1, 0.9 Hz), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=4.2 Hz).

Using general procedure D: Conversion of the amine (48 mg, 0.106 mmol) to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group afforded AMD7428 (61 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 3.72 (dd, 2H, J=13.2, 6.6 Hz), 4.00 (dd, 2H, J=13.2, 5.7 Hz), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 7.51 (br s, 4H), 7.99 (ddd, 1H, J=8.4, 8.1, 0.9 Hz), 8.11 (dd, 1H, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz), 8.54 (ddd, 1H, J=8.4, 5.7, 1.5 Hz), 8.73 (dd, 1H, J=5.7, 1.0 Hz). ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 48.96, 49.52, 51.40, 54.86, 59.56, 127.07, 127.12, 131.57, 131.80, 132.79, 144.37, 146.42, 147.38, 150.96. ES-MS m/z 312 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₂₅N₅.5.2 HBr.3.0H₂O: C, 27.50; H, 4.64; N, 8.91; Br, 52.85. Found: C, 27.49; H, 4.30; N, 8.70; Br, 52.84.

Example 206 AMD7485: Preparation of 1-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,4-diacetylaminopyrrolidine (hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of 1-[[4-[[(N-t-buytloxycarbonyl)(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,4-diaminopyrrolidine (60 mg, 0.146 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (5 mg, 0.044 mmol), triethylamine (0.13 mL, 0.949 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.07 mL, 0.73 mmol). The reaction was then stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. After addition of water (5 mL) and ethylacetate (25 mL), the aqueous and organic layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethylacetate, and the combined organic fractions were dried and concentrated. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (10% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the corresponding diamide (52 mg, 60%).

Using general procedure D: the diamide was converted to the hydrobromide salt with simultaneous deprotection of the BOC group to give AMD7485 (69 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 2.00 (s, 6H), 3.53 (br s, 2H), 3.78 (br s, 4H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.67 (s, 2H), 7.63 (s, 4H), 7.96 (m, 2H), 8.46 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 5.3 Hz), 8.83 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz). ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 22.28, 47.57, 54.32, 128.46, 128.84, 131.63, 131.71, 131.85, 142.56, 144.09, 145.32, 147.95, 174.98. ES-MS m/z 396 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₂₅N₅.4.0 HBr.3.0H₂O.0.6HOAc: C, 34.08; H, 5.23; N, 8.54; Br, 39.53. Found: C, 34.46; H, 5.09; N, 8.66; Br, 39.41.

Example 207 AMD8665: Preparation of 8-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2,5,8-triaza-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (hydrobromide salt)

To a solution of 1-[[4-[[(N-t-buytloxycarbonyl)(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-3,4-diaminopyrrolidine. (411 mg, 1.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added di-tert-butyldicarbonate (218 mg, 1.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Ethylacetate (30 mL) was then added, and the mixture was extracted with 10% citric acid (10 mL). Following drying and concentration of the organic fractions, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (5% methanol in dichloromethane) to give the desired product (one primary amine protected) (315 mg, 62%).

The intermediate from above was dissolved in THF (12 mL) to which potassium carbonate (170 mg, 1.24 mmol) was added. The mixture was then cooled to 0° C., and a solution of bromoacetyl bromide in THF (1 mL of a 1M solution) was added in a dropwise manner over 10 minutes. Following addition, the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for one hour. The reaction was then quenched with water and extracted with ethylacetate. The combined organic fractions were then dried and concentrated.

The residue was then treated with 2 mL of trifluoroacetic acid in 2 mL of dichloromethane for one hour at room temperature. Following removal of the solvent and excess acid by vacuum, the crude reaction product was dissolved in acetonitrile (15 mL) to which potassium carbonate (250 mg, excess) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours. Filtration of the mixture and concentration afforded a yellow residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (2% aqueous ammonium hydroxide, 8% methanol, 90% chloroform) to yield the desired cyclic amide (115 mg, 43%).

Using general procedure D: the cyclic amide (88 mg, 0.250 mmol) was converted to a hydrobromide salt giving AMD8665 (68 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 3.69 (dd, 1H, 12.9, 6.1 Hz), 3.86 (dd, 1H, J=12.6, 2.1 Hz), 3.99-4.07 (br m, 4H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.74 (s, 2H), 7.90 (br s, 4H), 7.94 (t, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 7.99 (d, J=8.1 Hz), 8.43 (t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 8.80 (d, 1H, J=5.7 Hz). ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 41.81, 48.68, 49.68, 50.93, 51.41, 52.55, 57.81, 59.14, 127.31, 127.43, 130.98, 131.55, 132.12, 132.84, 145.02, 145.95, 147.00, 166.28. ES-MS m/z 352 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₀H₂₅N₅O.3.9HBr.3.1H₂O: C, 33.23; H, 4.89; N, 9.69; Br, 43.11. Found: C, 33.28; H, 4.72; N, 9.31; Br, 43.05.

Example 208 AMD8773: Preparation of 8-[[4-[[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2,5,8-triazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (hydrobromide salt)

The freebase of AMD8665 from above (18 mg, 0.05 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3 mL). To this mixture, a solution of borane in THF (0.5 mL of a 1M solution) was added. The reaction was then heated to 60° C. for three hours. After cooling to room temperature, 2 mL of methanol was carefully added to the reaction. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum, and the residue was re-dissolved in 3 mL of ethylenediamine. The reaction was then heated to 75° C. for three hours. After cooling to room temperature, 5 mL of water was added, the aqueous layer was saturated with potassium carbonate, and then extracted repeatedly with dichloromethane. The combined organic fractions were then dried and concentrated to yield a pale yellow oil, which was purified by column chromatograpy on silica gel (5% aqueous ammonium hydroxide, 15% methanol, 80% dichloromethane) to afford the desired product (11 mg, 64%).

Using general procedure D: the intermediate from above (22 mg, 0.065 mmol) was converted to a hydrobromide salt giving AMD8773 (17 mg). ¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 3.16 (m, 4H), 3.67 (m, 4H), 4.08 (br s, 2H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 7.57 (s, 4H), 7.79 (dd, J=8.4, 5.3 Hz), 8.11 (m, 1H), 8.67 (d, 1H, J=5.8 Hz). ¹³C NMR (D₂O) δ 39.45, 49.62, 51.07, 51.86, 54.16, 59.43, 126.23, 131.32, 131.73, 131.89, 132, 61, 133.38, 146.53, 147.41, 151.22. ES-MS m/z 338 (M+H). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₀H₂₇N₅.4.8 HBr.3.3 H₂O: C, 30.59; H, 4.93; N, 8.92; Br, 48.84. Found: C, 30.56; H, 4.83; N, 8.56; Br, 49.13. 

1. A method to treat HIV or rheumatoid arthritis in a human or animal subject, comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula I

or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, and any stereoisomeric forms and mixtures of stereoisomeric forms thereof; wherein, W is a nitrogen atom and Y is void or, W is a carbon atom and Y═H; R¹ to R⁷ may be the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic C₁₋₆ alkyl, where R¹ and R² together may form ═O; R⁸ is an optionally substituted heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted aromatic group; Ar is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring each optionally substituted at single or multiple, non-linking positions with electron-donating or withdrawing groups; n and n′ are independently 0-2; X is a group of the formula:

wherein Ring A is an optionally substituted pyridine ring, and P is the nitrogen atom of said pyridine ring; Ring A is bound to group W from any position through group V; wherein V is a chemical bond or V is a (CH₂)_(n″) group, (where n″=0-2) or V is a C═O group; and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom; an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; a C₀₋₆ alkyl group substituted with an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic group; and an optionally substituted C₀₋₆ alkylamino or C₃₋₇ cycloalkylamino group; thereby treating HIV or rheumatoid arthritis in said subject.
 2. The method of claim 1, comprising administering the compound of formula I in a subject, thereby treating HIV.
 3. The method of claim 1, comprising administering the compound of formula I and one or more agents useful in the treatment of HIV for treating HIV.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said one or more agents are selected from the group consisting of: nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as zidovudine, didanosine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, abacavir, stavudine, adefovir, adefovir dipivoxil, fozivudine todoxil; non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, loviride, immunocal, or oltipraz; and protease inhibitors such as saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, palinavir, and lasinavir.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of: AMD7130,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido) -4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7131,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[(N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl) -4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7136,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-oyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7147,N-[(1-methyl-2-carboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7156,N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7159,N-[[1-methyl-3-(pyrazol-3-yl)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7160,N-[1-(phenyl)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7166,N-[1-benzyl-3-carboxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7169,N-[[1-methyl-2-(2-tolyl)carboxamido]ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7177,N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7197,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido) -4-piperidinyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7198,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl) -4-piperidinyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7199,N-[1-(3-pyridinecarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7200,N-[1-(cyclopropylcarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7201,N-[1-(1-phenylcyclopropylcarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine.; AMD7203,N-[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carboxamido]-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7204,N-[1-(2-thiomethylpyridine-3-carboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7217,N-[2-(N″-morpholinomethyl)-1-cyclopentyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7220,N-[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7223,N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7228,N-[[(1-phenyl-3-(N″-morpholino)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7229,N-[1-(iso-propyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7235,N-[1-methyl-2-(N″,N″-diethylcarboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7250,N-[1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7254:N-[(5-benzyloxy)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7257,N-[(4-methyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7259:N-[[(4-dimethylamino)-1-napthalenyl]methyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7260,N-[1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolinone-4-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7261,N-[1-[(1-acetyl-2-(R)-prolinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7262,N-[1-[2-acetamidobenzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7272,N-[(N″-acetyltryptophanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7273,N-[(N″-benzoylvalinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7277,N-[1-butyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7278,N-[1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7309:N-[(1-methyl)benzo[b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7311,N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7359,N-[1-(benzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7374:N-[1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; and AMD7379:N-[(2-phenyl)benzo [b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said subject is a mammalian subject.
 7. The method of claim 1, comprising administering the compound of formula I in a subject, thereby treating rheumatoid arthritis.
 8. A compound of formula I

or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, and any stereoisomeric forms and mixtures of stereoisomeric forms thereof; wherein, W is a nitrogen atom and Y is void or, W is a carbon atom and Y═H; R¹ to R⁷ may be the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen or straight, branched or cyclic C₁₋₆ alkyl, where R¹ and R² together may form ═O; R⁸ is an optionally substituted heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted aromatic group; Ar is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring each optionally substituted at single or multiple, non-linking positions with electron-donating or withdrawing groups; n and n′ are independently, 0-2; X is a group of the formula:

wherein Ring A is an optionally substituted pyridine ring, and P is the nitrogen atom of said pyridine ring; Ring A is bound to group W from any position through group V; wherein V is a chemical bond or V is a (CH₂)_(n″) group, (where n″=0-2) or V is a C═O group; and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom; an optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group; a C₀₋₆ alkyl group substituted with an optionally substituted aromatic or heterocyclic group; and an optionally substituted C₀₋₆ alkylamino or C₃₋₇ cycloalkylamino group.
 9. The compound of claim 8, selected from the group consisting of: AMD7130,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido) 4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7131,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[(N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl) -4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7136,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5 -methyl-isoxazol-4-oyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7147,N-[(1-methyl-2-carboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7156,N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7159,N-[[1-methyl-3-(pyrazol-3-yl)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7160,N-[1-(phenyl)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7166,N-[1-benzyl-3-carboxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7169,N-[[1-methyl-2-(2-tolyl)carboxamido]ethyl]- N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7177,N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7197,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[1-(N″-phenyl-N″-methylureido) -4-piperidinyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7198,N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-N-[N″-p-toluenesulfonylphenylalanyl) -4-piperidinyl]-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7199,N-[1-(3-pyridinecarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7200,N-[1-(cyclopropylcarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7201,N-[l -(1 -phenylcyclopropylcarboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine.; AMD7203,N-[1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carboxamido]-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7204,N-[1-(2-thiomethylpyridine-3-carboxamido)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7217,N-[2-(N″-morpholinomethyl)-1-cyclopentyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7220,N-[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7223,N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7228,N-[[(1-phenyl-3-(N″-morpholino)]propyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7229,N-[1-(iso-propyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7235,N-[1-methyl-2-(N″,N″-diethylcarboxamido)ethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7250,N-[1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7254: N-[(5 -benzyloxy)benzo [b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7257,N-[(4-methyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7259: N-[[(4-dimethylamino)-1-napthalenyl]methyl]-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7260,N-[1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolinone-4-ylmethyl]- N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7261,N-[1-[(1-acetyl-2-(R)-prolinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7262,N-[1-[2-acetamidobenzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7272,N-[(N″-acetyltryptophanyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7273,N-[(N″-benzoylvalinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7277,N-[1-butyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7278,N-[1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7290,N-[1-(benzyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7309: N-[(1-methyl)benzo [b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7311,N-[1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,3-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7359,N-[1-(benzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl) -1,4-benzenedimethanamine; AMD7374: N-[1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; and AMD7379: N-[(2-phenyl)benzo [b]pyrrol-3-ylmethyl]-N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N′-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenedimethanamine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 